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العربية

SAFA JAHAMEH

Research

​​The Structures of Arabic Writing Inscriptions: Insights from the Tombstones of the Fatimid Dynasty, Aswan - Egypt

Authors : Safaa S. Jahameh , Al Fahmawee Emad Al Dein , Nashat I. Al Khawaldeh , & Asma A. Sayed4​

Abstract : In the past, plenty of materials and tools such as pens, ink, parchments, and rulers have been used for Arabic writing in Islamic manuscripts. Arabic writing became standardized, described based more on geometry during the Islamic civilization. This indicates the qualitative development and the importance of Arabic writing in the Islamic-Arabic book craft industry. Many suggest that different types of grid rulers have been used to structure the Arabic writings in Islamic manuscripts. In this context, this paper explores the structure of Arabic writing on stones. It is based on the hypothesis that Arabic writing structures in stones are similar to Arabic writing structures in the manuscripts. This paper applies a geometrical analytical process to identify a structural tool used to structure the Arabic writing in a stone, similar to the geometrical analysis method that was used before in the Islamic manuscripts. It explores and discusses the outcomes of the analysis using an objective observation method. It concludes that a grid ruler used to structure the Arabic writings in stone is analogous to the grid ruler used in the Islamic manuscripts. This paper is the first to discuss the structure of Arabic writing found on a stone in the Fatimid dynasty

Keywords : Arabic writing, structure, geometry, inscriptions, grid, ruler, Fatimid dynasty.

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​​​​​​​​GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTS: A CASE STUDY OF KALILA AND DEMNA ILLUSTRATIONS

Authors : ​Dr. Safaa Jahameh

Abstract : This study discusses the geometrical structure of Islamic illustrations. Many theories suggest that Islamic illustration uses particular structures, including those based on spirals and proportion; however, these theories generally only relate the structure of such illustrations to sacred Islamic symbolism without reviewing the craft of illustration or the skills of the illustrators. Many researchers studying Islamic manuscripts, including Deroche, who studied Islamic codicology, have instead highlighted the range of tools used in Islamic civilisation, pointing out that many geometrical tools, some of which are no longer extant, were used by book craftsmen, including multiple kinds of rulers (Mastara). Diverse studies have thus used geometrical analyses to study Islamic manuscripts; Polosin studied the geometry of an illuminated folio in a Quranic manuscript and found that Islamic craftsmen at that time were aware of geometry and page structure, while George studied early Quranic manuscripts and identified a structural system used in the design of Arabic calligraphy and page structure. These researchers also concluded that certain geometrical tools used by craftsmen in Islamic civilisation are unidentified today. This study thus explores the geometrical structure of Kalila and Demna illustration in Islamic manuscripts, these being examples of the key illustration types of two different time periods, the 14th century and the 16th century. This paper examines eight folios from each manuscript, analysing them geometrically both to ascertain any geometrical relationship between the manuscripts and to determine whether geometrical proportion was being used at the time of production. Moreover, the paper investigates any potential cues that may suggest the illustrators were using geometrical tools.

Keywords : illustrations, geometry, structure, proportion, Islamic manuscript, Islamic codicology.

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​​​​​Ornamentation Design of Al- Raba’a Al-Maghribia Manuscript at the Islamic Museum in Jerusalem :

Authors : ​​Dr. Safaa Jahameh​

Islamic civilization has many archaeologies and manuscripts that have not been revealed yet, or less recognized or studied. AlRaba’a Al Magibia manuscript is one of those manuscripts, which is available at the Islamic Museum in Jerusalem. In it, the geometry craft of the Islamic civilizations is used in the structure of ornamentation. As in Islamic art, ornamentations are considered the simplified structure for all the visual elements in the Islamic visual heritage. Ornamentations are found in Manuscripts as well as in architecture. This study aims to introduce and to reveal the beauty of ornamentations found in Al-Raba’a Al- Magiribia. Its objective is to explore the geometrical structure of Islamic ornamentation in AlRaba’a Magribia, this paper proposes a theory that ornamentations which are located in the frontispieces of each volume in the manuscript are structured based on one of the four classifications. In order to explore this theory, the study uses the geometrical analysis method based on visual detection usually used for a photographed manuscript or an archaeological item. The paper presents the manuscript and its’ ornamentations.

Keywords : Al-Raba’a, Frontispiece, Geometry, Manuscript, Ornamentation.​

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​​​​​Research Title :GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTS: A CASE STUDY OF KALILA AND DEMNA ILLUSTRATIONS

Authors :Safaa Jahameh ​

Abstract :Islamic illustration uses particular structures, including those based on spirals and proportion; however, these theories generally only relate the structure of such illustrations to sacred Islamic symbolism without reviewing the craft of illustration or the skills of the illustrators. Many researchers studying Islamic manuscripts, including Deroche, who studied Islamic codicology, have instead highlighted the range of tools used in Islamic civilisation, pointing out that many geometrical tools, some of which are no longer extant, were used by book craftsmen, including multiple kinds of rulers (Mastara). Diverse studies have thus used geometrical analyses to study Islamic manuscripts; Polosin studied the geometry of an illuminated folio in a Quranic manuscript and found that Islamic craftsmen at that time were aware of geometry and page structure, while George studied early Quranic manuscripts and identified a structural system used in the design of Arabic calligraphy and page structure. These researchers also concluded that certain geometrical tools used by craftsmen in Islamic civilisation are unidentified today. This study thus explores the geometrical structure of Kalila and Demna illustration in Islamic manuscripts, these being examples of the key illustration types of two different time periods, the 14th century and the 16th century. This paper examines eight folios from each manuscript, analysing them geometrically both to ascertain any geometrical relationship between the manuscripts and to determine whether geometrical proportion was being used at the time of production. Moreover, the paper investigates any potential cues that may suggest the illustrators were using geometrical tools.

Keywords :: illustrations, geometry, structure, proportion, Islamic manuscript, Islamic codicology.

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​​​​​Research Title :The Structures of Arabic Writing Inscriptions: Insights from the Tombstones of the Fatimid Dynasty, Aswan - Egypt

Authors : Safaa S. Jahameh , Al Fahmawee Emad Al Dein , Nashat I. Al Khawaldeh , Asma A. Sayed​

Abstract :In the past, plenty of materials and tools such as pens, ink, parchments, and rulers have been used for Arabic writing in Islamic manuscripts. Arabic writing became standardized, described based more on geometry during the Islamic civilization. This indicates the qualitative development and the importance of Arabic writing in the Islamic-Arabic book craft industry. Many suggest that different types of grid rulers have been used to structure the Arabic writings in Islamic manuscripts. In this context, this paper explores the structure of Arabic writing on stones. It is based on the hypothesis that Arabic writing structures in stones are similar to Arabic writing structures in the manuscripts. This paper applies a geometrical analytical process to identify a structural tool used to structure the Arabic writing in a stone, similar to the geometrical analysis method that was used before in the Islamic manuscripts. It explores and discusses the outcomes of the analysis using an objective observation method. It concludes that a grid ruler used to structure the Arabic writings in stone is analogous to the grid ruler used in the Islamic manuscripts. This paper is the first to discuss the structure of Arabic writing found on a stone in the Fatimid dynasty.

Keywords : Arabic writing, structure, geometry, inscriptions, grid, ruler, Fatimid dynasty.

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​​​​​Research Title :: Ornamentation Design of Al- Raba’a Al-Maghribia Manuscript at the Islamic Museum in Jerusalem

Authors : ​: Hana’a M. Hijazi , Faten H. AlJazzar2 and Safaa S. Jahameh

Abstract :Islamic civilization has many archaeologies and manuscripts that have not been revealed yet, or less recognized or studied. AlRaba’a Al Magibia manuscript is one of those manuscripts, which is available at the Islamic Museum in Jerusalem. In it, the geometry craft of the Islamic civilizations is used in the structure of ornamentation. As in Islamic art, ornamentations is considered the simplified structure for all the visual elements in the Islamic visual heritage. Ornamentations are found in Manuscripts as well as in architecture. This study aims to introduce and to reveal the beauty of ornamentations found in Al-Raba’a Al- Magiribia. It’s objective is to explore the geometrical structure of Islamic ornamentation in AlRaba’a Magribia, This paper proposes a theory that ornamentations which are located in the frontispieces of each volume in the manuscript are structured based on one of the four classifications. In order to explore this theory, the study uses the geometrical analysis method based on visual detection usually used for a photographed manuscript or an archeological item. The paper presents the manuscript and its’ ornamentations.

Keywords : Al-Raba’a, Frontispiece, Geometry, Manuscript, Ornamentation

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​​​​​Research Title :A Method to Describe Arabic Digital Typography Design, from Traditional Arabic Calligraphy Resources: The Dome of the Rock's Calligraphy Case Study

Authors : Faten Al-Jazzar , Safaa Jahameh , Suhad Humidan , Ahmad Murad​

Abstract :The evolution of traditional Arabic calligraphy, a fundamental element of Islamic art, has been influenced by contemporary advancements and the digitization of fonts, resulting in a departure from its original essence. Traditional Arabic calligraphy necessitates the expertise of highly skilled calligraphers who are well-versed in its artistic and technical aspects. This study investigates the proportions of Arabic calligraphy and endeavours to employ the geometry used in Islamic art and architecture to fabricate digital Arabic typographic letters. This research aims to advance the development of digital Arabic typography via the utilization of octagonal geometric patterns, inspired by the Kufic script located in the inner octagon of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. The primary objective concerns the employment of geometry to create digital Arabic typefaces which preserve the proportions of traditional letters while adapting them for various applications such as printed designs, paragraph texts, and titles across a diversity of computer programs. By adopting geometric analysis methods, this research investigates the congruence between the architectural geometry of the octagonal shape and the geometric structure inherent in traditional Arabic calligraphy. Additionally, this research intends to assess the feasibility of applying these proportions to construct digital Arabic typographic letters which are derived from the octagonal systemic geometry found in the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

Keywords : Digital Arabic typography, Kufic Calligraphy, Octagonal Geometric Pattern, The Dome of the Rock

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​​​​​Research Title :A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF COASTAL AND MARINE TOURISM: EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ACTIVITIES, INTENTIONS, AND REASON FOR VISITING ON VISITOR SATISFACTION: THE MODERATING INFLUENCE OF VISITOR TYPES

Authors :Jawabreh, O., Al Fahmawee, E. A. D., Jahmani, A., Ali, B. J., & Jahameh, S. S ​

Abstract :The major purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics that contribute to visitor happiness, with an emphasis on Aqaba, Jordan's one-of-a-kind setting. Rather than selecting volunteers at random, the researchers took into account the entire community of Aqaba tourists. About 237 of the 500 surveys returned were usable for statistical purposes. In order to categorize the responses, a seven-point Likert scale was used. We use of Smart PLS 4 forms the basis of the analytical framework. There is strong statistical support for the findings of the study. Satisfaction (SA) is heavily influenced by the elements of Availability of Activities (AA), Intends to Participate (IP), and Reason for Visiting (RV). The T value for AA is 4.128 (p 0.001), which indicates statistical significance. IP also has a high T value (7.505, p 0.001), indicating a significant impact. The T value of 4.502 for RV (p 0.001) further demonstrates its statistically significant influence. Add the moderating variable TV to the research design to see how it affects the results. With a T-value of 1.971 (p = 0.049), we see that there is an interaction effect between (AA) and (SA), with (TV) serving as a moderator. The moderate influence of (IP) on (SA) results in a T value of 0.822 (p = 0.411), which is not statistically significant. However, the T value of 4.144 (p 0.001) demonstrates the significance of the interaction between RV and SA, indicating that TV has a moderating effect on the relationship between the two variables.

Keywords :Tourist satisfaction, Availability of Activities, Intends Participating, Reason for Visiting, Type of Visitors

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​​​​​Research Title :: User interface, usability, and user experience: A bibliometric mapping for previous research and future research insight

Authors : Mustafa, H. M., Alsbaihi, O., Jahameh, S., Sayed, A., & Othman, M​

Abstract :User Interface (UI) design and User Experience (UX) design are essential for the creation of digital products such as web and application designs (Digital Product Design), as they influence user interaction and engagement. UX and UI contribute primarily to aesthetics and visual communication, whereas interactive disciplines focus on usability, interactivity, and user experience. There has been considerable interest in user experience among researchers, which is largely due to the ever-increasing use of the internet in both domestic and industrial contexts. The fields of user interfaces (UIs) and user experience (UX) in particular, have received substantial attention. This is because both UI and UX contribute to an effective interactive visual design and are key to the success of any electronic product. The current study presents an overview of research into UX and UI over the last three decades (from 1990 to 2023). A total of 1,902 publications from this period were identified from the Scopus database. These publications were visualized and analyzed using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel, enabling the most up to date research on UX to be brought to light. The results from this study provide an assessment of the current developments in UX and UI, as well as directions for future research on a number of aspects of digital product design.

Keywords :interactive ; website ; UX ; user interface ; bibliometrics ; usability ; UI ; user experience ; product design

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​​​​​Research Title :The Technological Impacts of Graphic Design: Visual Adaptations of English Borrowed Terminology in Arabic, Arabic Typography Case Study

Authors :Jahameh.S, AlJazzar, F.H, ​

Abstract :This study explores how English terms used in Arabic visually adapt due to technological influences on graphic design. It examines the impact of Western visual design technology on Arabic visual terminology and aims to reveal the extent of these influences. The research highlights how technology reshapes language, focusing on both visual culture and linguistic adaptations. It investigates new English terms related to the Arabic language and analyzes the evolution of Arabic typography across various technological stages. The findings are based on discussions about language interaction, such as how exported technological language interacts with the host language. The study also reveals cultural shifts influenced by technology and highlights typographical changes. Overall, this research provides insights into how terms are adapted across different languages, with the goal of better understanding these dynamic linguistic and visual transformations.

Keywords : Graphic Design, Arabic Typography, Technology, Visual Culture

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​​​​​Research Title :: Interactive animated e-books.

Authors : Sayed, Asma A.;AlAllan, Yousef K.A. Jahameh, Safaa; Mustafa, Hadeel M; Al Tarawneh, Hassan Nayef.​

Abstract :Books are one of the oldest inventions of mankind. Today, a growing number of people on Earth no longer read and show signs of ‘functional illiteracy’. New techniques and technologies are required to convey complex, deep and emotionally coloured images to the reader of books. It is such images that form a significant part of teaching the history and theory of architecture. The article deals with the project of an electronic multimedia animated book (textbook) devoted to the philosophy and history of the Arabic style in architecture.

Keywords :architecture, history, Arab culture, multimedia animated interactive e-books.

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Dr. Safa' Jahameh

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