“Formation of a network of types of commercial complexes in conditions of the countries of the East economic region of the league of the Arabian states”
Urgency of research
The given dissertation represents the development of one of the major problems of the sphere of economic development of the League of the Arabian states and is connected with the formation and introduction in practice of construction of a new type of commercial establishment - commercial complex.
The development of the market relations all over the world affected in the end of the 20th century a number of countries which are included in the League of the Arabian states. Commercialization of the economic relations has been progressing in the Arabian peninsula during the last-20 years, when East Economic Region of the League of the Arabian states (EER LAS) became the main manufacturer and exporter of petroleum for all the world.
The basic directions of commercialization of the economy come to the following fact: industry, agriculture, scientific establishments and individual manufacturers in the modern world cannot do without the intermediaries, which advance the results of their work to the consumers. The world price for production, scientific and technical services and tourist business are determined only by exchange and auctions. The potential wholesale buyers of production get acquainted with it at exhibitions and fairs. Therefore a network of commercial complexes develops actively worldwide The structure of the countries of the East Economic Region of the League of the Arabian States includes 12 Arabian countries. Now the main branches of the economy of the considered region are: oil extracting, petroleum and gas-processing n industry, tourism, construction, manufacture of mineral fertilizers and foodstuffs, home and foreign trade. The given countries import from many countries of the world machine tools, equipment, various types of transport, electronic and military engineering. All this huge flow of goods, engineering, tourist, technical, scientific and other kinds of services cannot be carried out without participation of commercial organizations, which begin to develop actively in the EER LAS countries from the end 70s, when the structures of the Arabian general economic market were created and appeared in other world markets. By the end of 80s a number of countries which are included in the East Economic Region have created the joint industrial, transport and credit -financial companies, beginning the organization of commercial establishments. This influenced the increase of activities on designing and construction of commercial buildings and complexes. However, the absence of normative and technical base on designing of the given structures entailed a wide attraction to the countries of EER LAS of foreign experts on designing and construction of public buildings. The large investments of western countries in the given branch of economy of the countries EER LAS have resulted in the formation of structure and shape of commercial buildings occurring an image and similarity of western architecture. The negative features brought in by the architecture of commercial buildings to historical ensembles of large cities of the Arabian countries have become evident by early 90s.There is a tendency to the creation of isolated commercial objects with duplicating functions, within a single country, as well as in the region. The creation of a network of commercial complexes now goes spontaneously, without regard for socio -economic conditions of the development of the considered region. The buildings of commercial establishments are erected quite often without the account of town-planning, natural and climatic and national traditions of the countries EER LAS, more often satisfying only ambitions of a rich customer. The absence of normative base on designing commercial complexes results in shortcomings of construction of buildings and gives harm to the process of realization of commercial activity. Side by side with this, the Arabian architects face the problem of search of figurative expressiveness of multifunctional public complexes and formation of their architectural and artistic qualities with the development of elements of firm style reflecting the process of commercial activity.
Until recently the Arabian scientists haven't investigated the problems of designing and construction of structures for commercial activity. The discrepancy of an existing situation in designing of commercial establishments to the modern requirements of realization of the international commercial operations has caused the choice of theme and its urgency. The purpose and research problems.
The purpose of work consists in the development of principles of for motion of a network and of types of buildings of commercial complexes for conditions of the countries of EER LAS In the work, the following tasks were solved:
definition of the tendencies of formation of commercial complexes -
definition of specificity of architecture of commercial complexes -
- analysis of the factors influencing formation of a network and types of commercial complexes in conditions of the countries of EER LAS.
- development of principles of formation of a network of commercial complexes.
definition of structure of functional blocks which are included in an infrastructure of commercial complexes. -
- definition of the methods of architectural and planning and volume and - compositional organization of commercial complexes in the structure of various cities.
- development of the design offers - schemes of various types of commercial complexes for various cities of EER LAS.
The subject of research - architectural typology and volume and planning structure of commercial complexes.
The objects of research were the buildings of commercial complexes
thus, not only the construction, but the projects of modern buildings of
commercial purpose were analyzed.
Borders of research. The given work is limited to the questions of designing of commercial complexes only in the territory of cities of the countries of EER LAS.
The technique of research is based on the use of the system and structural approach to the analysis of features influencing formation of a net work and of types of CC in conditions of the countries of EER LAS
historical, socio- economic, functional, natural-climatic and town-planning factors. Natural inspection of a number of buildings of commercial complexes were made in the Arabian countries and abroad. 173 references were investigated and the design materials for various types of commercial complexes developed in the Arabian world and in some foreign countries were analyzed. The questioning of population and businessmen was carried out on the construction of commercial complexes. The graph analysis was applied and the experimental designing of various types of commercial complexes was carried out.The scientific novelty of research. For the first time in this work the
attempt was made to consider widely the architectural typology of buildings of commercial purpose in interaction of town-planning, architectural and spatial, planning and artistic - compositional features of formation of a network and types of commercial complexes. The theoretical bases of designing of commercial complexes of various types in conditions of the countries of EER LAS are developed. The given propositions are put forward for the defense.
The practical meaning of the dissertation is in the following: the recommendations ,developed in it ,will be used in practice of designing of commercial complexes of various types at formation of a network of the given establishments in conditions of the countries of EER LAS.
Approbation of results of work. The basic results of research are reported at the international scientific and practical conferences at the Rostov Sate Academy of Architecture and Art, the Rostov State University of Civil Engineering, the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in 1999-2001,
Introduction of results of work, The basic results of work are introduced during the author's participation in real designing of the following objects :
a national commercial complex of Jordan in Amman (2000) -
- regional commercial complexes for cities of Rostov -on-Don , course projects, RSAAA, ( 2000-2001).
urban commercial complexes for the cities of EER LAS (course projects, RSAAA (2000).-
a regional commercial complex in the sector of El-Dammam . -
The first volume includes a textual part of 190 pages. The second volume contains 106 illustrative grapho-analytical tables.
The structure of work reflects a logic interrelation of the purpose, put in the dissertation, and solved tasks. It includes the introduction, three chapters, the conclusion, the list of literature and two appendices
The basic conclusions and results of work
The carried out research is the first step on the ways of creation of a
complete network of new types of public buildings of commercial complexes necessary for the organization at a modern level of all commercial operations, carried out in the countries of the EER LAS. The given work
represents the development of theoretical bases of formation of structure of the given buildings including the definition of typological properties and laws of construction of architectural and planning and volume and
compositional solutions are taking into account the national features of architecture of the Arabian countries.
The basic results of work are the following :
1.The occurrence and necessity of formation of a network of commercial complexes is proved, proceeding from a number of factors Socio- economic, showing the growth of development of economic potential of the countries of the EER LAS and the opportunity of allocation of significant financial assets on construction of CC, Town-planning, showing the expediency formation of complexes in the same territory and excluding frequent trips of businessmen to various commercial objects. Technological, providing a convenient and prompt organization and realization of various commercial operations at a high international level in various commercial complexes differed by their importance.
2.The basic directions of architectural and spatial organization of commercial complexes giving an opportunity of unification of various functional block in a single whole around a communication and an information zone are revealed. They are recommended to be projected as atriums, passage ways, open area or esplanades.
3.The structure of functional groups of premises and blocks which are included in the basic zones of a complex:- entrance, business, cult, inhabited, recreational and fair and exhibition is determined. The matrix of the basic and additional functional communications of 48 functional blocks is developed, of which four types of a commercial complex of various importance are formed: - regional, national, urban and local CC.
4.The principles of formation of a network of commercial complexes in the territory of the countries of EER LAS, the creation of structure of overall plans are determined, of the territory, based on the balance of territory with due regard for the types of volume and spatial structure according to various town-planning situations. The capacity of various types of complexes and settlement parameter of territory of sites is determined, depending on quantity of workplaces in office buildings.
5.The methods of volume and compositional solutions of various types of commercial complexes taking into account a concrete town-planning situation on the allocated sites of cities of the EER LAS
6.The architectural and artistic aspects promoting the increase of figurative expressiveness of buildings of various types, included in the structure of commercial complexes are determined with due regard for national traditions of the Arabian countries.
7.The experimental projects of all types of commercial complexes on real sites of cities of the EER LAS are developed within the framework of course and diploma designing confirmed the conclusions and offers made in the work.
The submitted results of the research enable to solve a complex of questions connected with the creation of modern types of commercial establishments, which will promote the perfection of commercial activity with the purpose of the increase of well-being of the Arabian countries.