Title: Quantification of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid in Decaffeinated Coffee, and Their Impact with Atorvastatin on Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Kidney Functions in Hyperlipidemia-Induced Rats.
By: Rana Hameed Radhi
Supervisor: Dr. Shady Helmi Awwad
Co-supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud Abu-Samak
June 2024
Abstract: Coffee, a well-known beverage admired for its splendid aroma and refreshing taste, has pervaded cultures worldwide and has become an indispensable constituent of our daily rituals and social events. Beyond its luxurious pleasure, the growing research has shed light on numerous noteworthy health benefits. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of decaffeinated coffee consumption on several health biomarkers such as lipid profile parameters, atherogenic index of plasma, liver function, and kidney function in hyperlipidemic-induced rats.
The contents of coffee bioactive constituents (caffeine and chlorogenic acid) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that is equipped with a diode array detector, and a C-18 LC column (Phenomenex). Fifty-four (54) female Wistar rats were selected for this investigation and the tests on animals were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the guidelines. All rats received an equivalent quantity of the standard diet (150 g/kg/day) and water. The rats were divided into 3 major groups (healthy, hyperlipidemic, and hyperlipidemic – statin-treated, and coffee-supplemented) and each group consisted of three subgroups that each included 6 rats. The biochemical analysis (lipid profile, liver, and kidney functions) was performed using the HumaStar 200 instrument.
Our findings showed that the lowest concentration of caffeine was found in the Carrefour decaffeinated coffee with a value of (4.71±0.21 mg/L) and the highest concentration was in the Tichbo decaffeinated coffee with a value of (44.54±0.50 mg/L). While in Nescafe gold caffeinated coffee, the content of caffeine was (433.14±5.38 mg/L). On the other hand, among the decaffeinated coffee samples, the highest concentration of chlorogenic acid (CGA) was determined in the Marrouf decaffeinated coffee with an average of (177.49±8.01 mg/L) and the lowest concentration was in the Nescafe gold decaffeinated coffee with a value of (55.12±2.54 mg/L). While in Nescafe gold caffeinated coffee, the content of CGA was (46.75±2.00 mg/L). In SD-fed animals, significantly higher mean non-high-density lipoprotein (NHDL) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) levels were observed in SDeC than in SCAF animal groups. These findings were accompanied by significantly lower mean total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the SDeC group than in SCAF in SD-fed groups. Furthermore, in the FD-fed study groups, higher mean LDL was observed in FDeC animals than in the FCAF group. Concerning the triglycerides (TG) levels, except for SD rats, the FDeC and FDeC+ groups have shown lower mean TG levels than caffeinated groups. Also, a higher mean alanine transferase (ALT) level was observed in the decaffeinated group than the caffeinated group in SD and FD-fed animals’ liver enzymes. The urea serum level showed lower mean levels in FCAF and FCAF+ than in the caffeinated groups. While a lower mean creatinine (Cr) level was observed in FDeC and SDeC rats, in contrast, the FDeC+ group showed a higher mean Cr level. On the other hand, low mean uric acid levels were observed in all decaffeinated study groups. The biological effects of DeCAF coffee extracts are hypothesised to be similar to those of CAF extracts. These results have so far come from processing DeCAF coffee or other coffee components, and they might be independent of the degree of caffeine.