Information and communication technology (ICT), particularly the Internet, has enabled the emergence of e-government as a mechanism for transforming public service delivery. However, adoption and effective use of e-government remain limited in developing countries, including Jordan. Existing research lacks explanatory power due to two key limitations: the separation of supply-side and demand-side perspectives, and the reliance on established adoption models that do not adequately capture the socio-institutional context of developing countries.

This study addresses these gaps by proposing and empirically validating an integrated model of e-government adoption and implementation in Jordan. A two-phase methodology was employed: model development and instrument design, followed by empirical testing using survey data analyzed through multivariate techniques and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicate that traditional determinants such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and system security are not significant predictors of e-government adoption in this context. Instead, citizen participation demonstrates a strong positive effect on adoption decisions, which in turn significantly influences actual usage. Socio-cultural factors unexpectedly show a positive relationship with adoption, while citizen trust and web design factors exhibit negative effects.

These findings suggest that dominant IT adoption theories have limited applicability in developing-country contexts and highlight the need for context-sensitive models. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research.