Determinants of husbands' violence against women in Jordan. Nursing forum 1(8)
Authors : RAMI MASA’DEH, MUNA ALMOMANI, OMAYMA MASADEH, SAMIHA JARRAH AND NAHLA AL ALI
Abstract : Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of abuse against women. It comes in the form of physical, sexual, emotional, and controlling behaviors abuse, and affects women's physical and psychological well-being. Perceived social support decreases IPV risk.
Purpose
This study explores the determinants of IPV in J society.
Method
One hundred and eighty-seven women exposed to IPV were recruited from J Women Unions to take part in this cross-sectional prospective quantitative design, administering the Arabic version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (AVMSPSS) to 187, who also answered the demographic characteristics data sheet.
Results
Almost 83% of participants perceived that they received lower to moderate PSS. Based on multiple regression, determinants of IPV were PSS, followed by participant education, husband education, participant age, and financial income (p < .001). The number of children and parental level of education showed no statistical significance.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the importance of social support systems among IPV women. Alongside socioeconomic development continuing to increase education among both men and women, there is a need to increase societal awareness and foster social support systems to prevent violence against women and offer resources to affected women, targeted at the most at-risk age groups.
Keywords : husband, Jordan, violence, women
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The Effect of Anger Management Program on Perceived Stress of Healthcare Professionals: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Nursing Practice Today 8(4).
Authors : RAMI MASA’DEH, OMAYMA MASADEH, AALIYAH MOMANI, SAMIHA JARRAH, SAMER AL SHABATAT AND SHAHER HAMAIDEH
Abstract : Background & Aim: Healthcare professionals working in Intensive Care Units and Emergency Rooms are at higher risk of violence from patients and their families compared to healthcare professionals working in other units. Healthcare professionals skilled in anger management may de-escalate the situation and stop violence from happening in the first place. This study aims to determine the effect of an aggression management program on perceived stress levels of physicians and nurses working in Intensive Care Units and Emergency Rooms.
Methods & Materials: A quasi-experimental design with 158 physicians and 172 nurses recruited from nine hospitals in the three major cities in Jordan was used to assess perceived stress levels with the Arabic Version of Perceived Stress Scale (10-Items). Participants answered the questionnaires twice, before and after attending an aggression management program.
Results: Results showed that female healthcare professionals had significantly higher stress levels than males (M=27.33±4.11, M=24.20±3.13; t (328)=2.11, p<0.001). Furthermore, healthcare professionals working in Emergency Rooms reported significantly higher stress levels than those working in Intensive Care Units (M=27.93±4.10, M=24.94±3.03; t (328)=2.04, p<0.001). Additionally, nurses reported significantly higher stress levels compared to physicians (M=28.17±3.92, M=25.20±3.13; t (328)=2.09, p<0.001). There was a strong significant positive relationship between increased stress levels and the number of violent attacks (r=0.73, p<0.001). Most importantly, perceived stress decreased significantly from the pre-intervention level (28.94±3.21) to the post-intervention level (24.20±3.01) (t (229)=2.03, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Policymakers may need to consider offering aggression management programs for all healthcare professionals, especially those working in the Emergency Room. This program should decrease their perceived stress levels reflecting improved patient care, outcomes, and satisfaction.
Keywords : aggression; violence; nurses; physician; ICU; Jordan
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Academic Performance and Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Students: Assessing Moderation Effect Of Self-Esteem. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology page 1-8.
Authors : RAMI MASA’DEH, MANAR ALAZZAM, GHADEER AL-DWEIK, OMAYMA MASADEH, AYMAN M. HAMDAN-MANSOUR AND IMAN A. BASHETI
Abstract : Self-esteem has a profound role in students’ academic performances. This study was designed to examine the moderation effect of self-esteem on the relationship between academic performance and students’ socio-demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 20 schools in Jordan. A nonrandom consecutive sampling method was used to recruit students who provided their demographic information and answered the Arabic Version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Participating students (n = 1800) showed a mean self-esteem of 23.07 (SD = 2.69), while the academic performance showed a mean of 86.5 (SD = 6.34). Self-esteem moderated the relationship between socio-demographics (gender, educational sector, and education program) and academic performance. Self-esteem is an important indicator of academic performance and should be strongly considered by stakeholders at all school programs and types. The differences in self-esteem and academic performance according to gender need to be investigated further to draw conclusive future plans.
Keywords : Academic performanceself-esteemgenderschoolJordan
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Effect of Aggression Management Training on Perceived Stress Levels of Nurses Working in Mental Health Care Settings in Jordan. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 58 (10)
Authors : RAMI MASA’DEH, OMAYMA MASADEH, SAMIHA JARRAH, MANAR ALAZZAM AND FADWA ALHALAIQA
Abstract : The current study investigated the effect of an aggression management training course on reducing perceived stress levels of nurses working in mental health care settings in Jordan. This quasi-experimental pre/post study included 83 nurses (44 male, 39 female; mean age = 33 years) who completed a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire and the Arabic Version of the Perceived Stress Scale 10-Items Questionnaire. Participants attended 32 hours of an aggression management training course and then answered the questionnaires for a second time. Female nurses reported significantly higher stress levels than male nurses before and after the training course. Paired-samples t test showed a significant decrease in the mean total score of perceived stress of all nurses after attending the training course. The results of this study highlight the need to design and implement aggression management courses, as such training can improve nurses' mental health and perceived stress levels.
Keywords : aggression, violence, psychiatric, mental health, nurses
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Risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Relation to Perceived Social Support among Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 57 (8)
Authors : NUWARA, A., MASA'DEH, R. & HAMDAN-MANSOUR, AYMAN
Abstract : A cross-sectional descriptive correlation study was performed to investigate the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 300 family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and examine the relationship between perceived social support and risk of PTSD. The Arabic version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (APCL-5) was used to investigate risk of PTSD; the Arabic version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was used to measure perceived social support. Mean score of the APCL-5 was 46.1, indicating risk of PTSD among family caregivers. A negative moderate correlation was found between risk of PTSD and perceived social support. The caring process is demanding and highly stressful, putting family caregivers at risk for PTSD. Social support is crucial in decreasing this risk.
Keywords : Post-traumatic stress disorder, perceived social support, schizophrenia, bipolar
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Correlation of selected stress associated factors with vitamin D deficiency in Jordanian men and Women. International Journal of General Medicine, 12 225–233
Authors : ABU-SAMAK, M., ABURUZ, M., MASA'DEH, R., KHUZAI, R., & JARRAH, S.
Abstract : Background: To identify stress associated factors for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in healthy Jordanian people based on serum 25(OH)D levels.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Methods: Three hundred and seventy-one Jordanian men and women aged 17–52 years, who were identified as VD deficient 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL, were eligible to participate in the study. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Cortisol, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, fasting lipid profile, and blood glucose were also analyzed. Questionnaires were used to collect lifestyles parameters. Anthropometric parameters including: body mass index (BMI), waist (W) and hip (H) circumferences, W/H ratio (WHR) were also calculated.
Results: The vast majority (91%) of the participants had vitamin D deficiency (25- (OH) D <30 ng/mL). Positive correlations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and the following anthropometric parameters in all study sample; gender (P=0.010), height (P=0.22), height/hip ratio (P=0.015) and waist/hip ratio (P=0.013). Lifestyle parameters that indicated very weak positive correlations with VDD were number of family members (P=0.011) and insufficient exposure to sunlight (P=0.023). The following clinical parameters showed weak or very weak correlations with VDD; serum cortisol (r=0.318), low density lipoprotein (r=0.246) and total cholesterol (r=0.133). Skin color and water pipe tobacco smoking were added to the multivariable stepwise regression analyses as they have been weakly correlated with VDD. These predictors together explained only 12.2% of the variance in serum cortisol levels in the VDD study sample.
Conclusion: A weak positive association between VDD and elevated serum cortisol was observed in this study. Subcutaneous changes may be involved in that association but further studies are needed to clarify a potential role for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Keywords : Vitamin D deficiency, stress, cortisol, smoking, obesity
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Occupational Stress in Psychiatric Nursing. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 9: 115-119
Authors : MASA'DEH, R., JARRAH, S., & ABURUZ, M.,
Abstract : Background: Psychiatric nurses are subject to high level of occupational stress. Studies focused on occupational stress focused only on measuring the level of stress and were limited to Western communities.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to measure perceived stress levels of Jordanian psychiatric nurses and find out the factors associated with their high stress levels
Methods: Using a non-random convenience sample, 163 nurses working in various psychiatric settings in Jordan representing four different hospitals were included. Psychiatric nurses answered the Arabic Version of Perceived Stress Scale 10-Items Questionnaire (APSS10) and a Characteristic Checklist.
Findings: The major results of this study showed that nurses working in psychiatric settings had high stress levels; with those working at inpatient setting had the highest stress levels. Additionally, lack of resources, insufficient training, increased work load and aggression/violence behavior from patients predicted high stress levels for psychiatric nurses.
Conclusions: The high stress levels of psychiatric nurses might affect the physical and psychological status of the nurse, lead to dissatisfaction with work and high rates of burnout. Also, it might affect the quality of care provided to patients with psychiatric disorder. Therefore, nurse managers and policy makers in Jordan should pay more attention to the factors affecting stress levels of the nurses and ensure providing them with enough resources and training programs.
Keywords : Jordan; occupation; psychiatric; stress; nurse
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Parental Psychological Stress: Children on Hemodialysis. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 9: 4-8
Authors : SOU'UB, R., MASA'DEH, R., ABURUZ, M. & ALHALAIQA, F
Abstract : Purpose of the study: Parents reported stress and developed some psychological problems related to having a child on dialysis. In Jordan, healthcare providers do not offer holistic care and do not include the family of paediatric patients in the caring process. There are no previous studies in Jordan related to stress among parents of children on hemodialysis. The objective of this study was to measure perceived stress levels of parents of children undergoing hemodialysis in Jordan and compare their stress levels according to the socio-demographic characteristics of them and their children. Design and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational design was used in this study with a sample of 160 parents of children on hemodialysis in Jordan. Participants completed a demographic checklist and the Arabic version of Perceived Stress Scale 10-Items Questionnaire. Findings: Mothers reported significantly higher stress levels than fathers. Parents of children having central line had significantly higher stress levels compared to parents of children with graft/fistula. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in parental stress levels according to financial status. There were negative statistical significant correlations between number of years receiving hemodialysis and parental stress levels. Conclusions: Being a parent of a child on hemodialysis is stressful, especially for mothers. Healthcare providers, especially nurses should provide care not only for the patient but also for their families.
Keywords : stress, family, parent, Jordan, dialysis, child
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Knowledge and Attitudes of Jordanian University Students Toward Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Comparison Study. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 38 (2): 75-82
Authors : ALHALAIQA, F., AL OMARI, O., BATIHA, A., ALBASHTAWY, M., MASA’DEH, R., AL-GHABEESH, S. & BASHAYREH, I
Abstract : People with epilepsy face stigma which arguably causes more suffering than the disease itself. The purpose of this study is to compare the knowledge and attitudes of nursing with nonnursing Jordanian university students toward epilepsy. A cross-sectional comparative, quantitative study was conducted. A newly structured questionnaire was developed to collect related data. The results revealed that there were 145(30.5%) nursing students and 331 (69.5%) nonnursing students with mean age of the participants was 22.9 years (SD = 4.7) and 60% of them were men. Although the majority of the Jordanian university students were aware of epilepsy, their knowledge varied according to their major subject of study. Nursing students possessed a good knowledge of, and more positive attitudes toward, epilepsy compared with other nonnursing students. Therefore, universities are required to improve the knowledge of their students about epilepsy by integrating education about health and first aid course into their curriculum.
Keywords : epilepsy, attitudes, knowledge, stigma, nursing, education
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Perceived Stress in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Mental Illness. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55 (6): 30-55
Authors : MASA'DEH, R.
Abstract : The current study aimed to measure the stress levels of family caregivers of individuals with mental illness and compare their stress levels according to the diagnosis and other sociodemographic characteristics. The sample comprised 310 family caregivers of individuals with mental illness in Jordan. Family caregivers completed a demographic checklist and the Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale 10-Item (PSS-10) questionnaire. A significant difference was found in PSS-10 levels among family caregivers according to gender, diagnosis of their family member, and time since diagnosis. Female caregivers reported significantly higher stress levels than male caregivers. Family members of individuals with schizophrenia reported the highest stress levels (p < 0.001). Results also indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between PSS-10 levels of family caregivers and time since diagnosis. Investigating stress levels in family members of individuals with mental illness may be helpful when designing interventions to reduce such stress.
Keywords : stress, family, caregiver, Jordan, mental illness
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An Exploration of the Concepts of Loss and Grief as Stress Responses in Middle Eastern Parents of Children with Cancer. Global Journal of Health Science, 9 (6): 97-106
Authors : MASA'DEH, R., COLLIER, J. & HALL, C.,
Abstract : BACKGROUND- Caring for a child with cancer has been found to have profound and sometimes long-lasting negative psychological effects on parents. Grief of those parents was less examined in Jordan than America and Europe. Many parents in studies carried out in other countries experienced shocke, disbelief and guilt about their child’s diagnosis. This pattern is similar to the stages of grief as identified by Kubler-Ross model and this association has been identified as potentially benefitting from being further explored in differing cultures such as the experiences of Middle-Eastern parents. Therefore, this study aims to examine the experience of mothers and fathers of children diagnosed with cancer in Jordan and explore whether their narratives reflect grieving as understood through the theoretical constructs of Kubler-Ross. This study investigated the applicability of the Western grief model in an Arab community.METHODS- Using a qualitative approach, 24 parents of children with cancer were interviewed. The participants were recruited recruited from the biggest cancer specialist centre in Jordan. Thematic analysis was use to analyse their results.RESULTS- It was clear that the emotional reactions of Jordanian parents of children with cancer fit with Kubler-Ross’ loss and grief model. Jordanian parents of children with cancer reported experiencing denial, anger, depression, bargaining and acceptance.CONCLUSIONS- The results of this study provide evidence that the reactions of Jordanian parents offer a clear direction for the applicability of care strategies from other communities with culturally different backgrounds. Jordanian parents, health care providers and particularly nurses should be aware that parental grieving process as identified by Kubler-Ross’ model can be experienced by those receiving a diagnosis of a life-threatening illness in their child and is individualised, normal and most often ends with acceptance. Therefore, a supporting framework to those parents should take into consideration their stage of grief. Nurses and parents should know that they do not have to push the stages; acceptance will be reached once the individual is ready
Keywords : cancer, child, grief, Jordan, parent
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Parents of Children With Cancer in Jordan. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 31 (1): 8-12
Authors : MASA'DEH, R. & JARRAH, S.,
Abstract : Aim
To investigate levels of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of those parenting children with cancer and make a comparison between mothers and fathers.
Background
Parenting a child with cancer is traumatic. Maternal and paternal roles and responsibilities change after the cancer diagnosis of their child, adding more stress to the lives of all concerned. The gender of the parent may have an effect on their PTSD. However, there is a lack of studies in Arabic countries on the differences between parents in their PTSD levels.
Methods
A sample of 416 biological parents (comprising 207 mothers and 209 fathers) of children with cancer in Jordan completed a demographic checklist and the PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCLC).
Results
There was a significant difference in PTSD levels between mothers and fathers, with mothers having significantly higher PTSD levels than fathers. The mean PTSD levels for mothers was (M = 59.68, SD = 4.86) compared to (M = 52.76, SD = 5.81) for fathers. The magnitude of the differences in the means was very large (eta squared = 0.29). Additionally, results indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between parental PTSD levels with their age and the time since their child was diagnosed with cancer (r = −0.68, r = −0.62 respectively and p < 0.001). An increase in parental PTSD levels was associated with a decrease in parental age and short time duration since the cancer diagnosis of the child.
Conclusion
The study concluded that parenting children with cancer is traumatic and mothers were at higher risk of PTSD than fathers. Risk of PTSD was found to decrease with time.
Implications for nursing EBP
Investigating differences in PTSD between mothers and fathers in Jordan may be helpful when designing interventions to reduce the risk of PTSD. An individual parental support program is important, taking into consideration that mothers are at higher risk of PTSD, and both parents need thorough attention and care.
Keywords : gender, Jordan, parent, PTSD.
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Gender Differences in Anxiety and Complications Early After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 32 (6): 538-543
Authors : ABURUZ. M. & MASA’DEH, R.,
Abstract : Background:
Anxiety is the earliest psychological response to acute myocardial infarction. When anxiety persists or becomes severe, it has negative consequences including increased risk for in-hospital complications. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which groups of people are at risk for high anxiety after acute myocardial infarction.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in anxiety levels and rate of complications based on gender early after acute myocardial infarction.
Methods:
A comparative design was used. Patients with acute myocardial infarction were interviewed within 72 hours (mean [SD], 40 [18] hours) of admission to the hospital and completed a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Anxiety Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. In addition, clinical data were abstracted from the participants’ medical record after discharge.
Results:
A total of 250 patients, with a confirmed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, participated in this study: 163 men and 87 women. Female patients were more anxious (15.5 [3.6] vs 8.1 [2.9], P < .01) and had more complications (1.1 [1.9] vs 0.6 [0.08], P < .05) than male patients did.
Conclusions:
Anxiety is a global problem after acute myocardial infarction. Exploration of reasons why women of different cultures are at a higher risk for anxiety after acute myocardial infarction is necessary. It is of high clinical importance to determine strategies for managing anxiety in patients with or suspected to have acute myocardial infarction, especially women.
Keywords : Anxiety, acute myocardial infarction, gender, and complications
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A Descriptive Study of Adherence to Lifestyle Modification Factors among Hypertensive Patients. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 47 (1): 273-281
Authors : ALHALAIQA, F., AL-NAWAFLEH, A., BATIHA, A., MASA'DEH, R. & AL-RAZEK A
Abstract : Background/aim: Healthy life style recommendations (e.g., physical activity, healthy diet, and decreased cholesterol levels) play an important role in controlling blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to assess lifestyle modification factors among patients diagnosed with hypertension. Materials and methods: A descriptive-survey design was used. Data were collected using four questionnaires; one was the Beliefs about Medication questionnaire (BMQ) and the rest were developed to collect data about demographic and clinical characteristics and lifestyle modification factors. Results: In total 312 questionnaires were completed. The results revealed that our participants did not follow the healthy lifestyle recommendations; for example, the mean blood sugar (BS) level, body mass index (BMI), and cholesterol levels were 155 mg/dL (standard deviation (SD) = 71.9), 29 kg/m2 (SD = 5.4), and 197 mg/dL (SD = 86.6), respectively. A significant correlation was shown between age and BP (P = 0.000). Increase in diastolic BP (DBP) correlated with a significant increase in cholesterol level (P = 0.002) and BMI (P = 0.006). Conclusion: Our study showed that somewhat hypertensive patients in Jordan did not follow a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, urgent action by addressing behavioral risk factors has a positive impact on preventing and controlling hypertension.
Keywords : Hypertension, adherence, cholesterol, blood sugar, body mass index, healthy lifestyle modification factors
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Perceived Stress in Nurses: A Comparative Study. Global Journal of Health Science, 9 (6): 195-203
Authors : MASA’DEH, R., ALHALAIQA, F., ABURUZ. M., AL-DWEIK, G. & AL-AKASH, H.,
Abstract : PURPOSE- The purpose of this study is to assess the perceived stress in nurses working in various departments including mental health and psychiatric nurses in Jordan and compare the all together.METHODS- Using a non-random convenience sample, 310 nurses working in various departments in Jordan representing five different hospitals were included. Nurses answered the Arabic Version of Perceived Stress Scale 10-Items Questionnaire (PSS10) and a Characteristic Checklist.RESULTS- This study showed that nurses working in psychiatric departments perceived the highest stress levels followed by oncology nurses (ONs), ICU/CCU, and ER nurses respectively. Medical and surgical nurses reported the lowest level of stress.CONCLUSIONS- This study showed that psychiatric nurses have the highest levels of stress among all participated nurses. This might lead to dissatisfaction with the work and high rates of burn out and turn over. All these factors can easily affect patients care and safety issue, especially psychiatric patients. It is highly recommended that nurse managers and policy makers pay a particular attention to this phenomenon and looking for causes of such high level of stress is important.
Keywords : department, Jordan, nurse, psychiatric, stress
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Perceived Stress in Parents of Children with Chronic Disease: A Comparative Study. European Scientific Journal, 11 (36): 389-400
Authors : MASA’DEH, R.,
Abstract : Background: Cancer, diabetes, asthma, congenital heart diseases and cerebral palsy are the most prevalent paediatric chronic illnesses in the world, and Jordan has particularly high prevalence. Most studies agree that parenting a child with a chronic illness is a stressful event, but few of them compared parental stress in relation to different diagnoses. Therefore, this study investigates parental stress levels when having a child diagnosed with cancer and compares these levels to those of parents with a child suffering from other chronic illnesses.
Methods: A survey of 600 participants parenting a child with a chronic illness (i.e. 305 parents of children with cancer and 295 parents of children with other chronic illnesses). Participants answered the Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale 10-items and Characteristics Check List Questionnaires.
Findings: There were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of parents of children with cancer and those parenting children with other chronic illnesses. Parents of children with cancer reported significantly higher stress levels than parents of children with other chronic illnesses (p<0.001), with a medium effect size (0.02). In the cancer group, the highest mean stress level was for those parenting children liver cancer and the lowest was for parents of children with lymphoma. In the other group, parents of children with cerebral palsy had the highest mean stress score and parents of children with asthma had the lowest.
Conclusions: These findings indicate the need to assess families of a child with chronic illness in Jordan to recognise their psychological needs and offer continuous psychological support.
Keywords : parent, child, paediatric cancer, chronic illness, stress
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Perceived stress of Jordanian Parents: A Comparative Study Between Mothers and Fathers. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 5 (11): 89-95
Authors : MASA’DEH, R., BAWADI, H., SAIFAN, A., & ABURUZ. M.,
ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate perceived stress levels of Jordanian parents and compare their levels of stress in form of couples. Background: Being a parent is a stressful experience for both parents. Gender and cultural background of the parent has an effect on stress perception. However, there is limited research in the Arabic countries on the differences between parents in their stress level from the cultural perspective. Methods: The study is based on a sample of 528 couples that have healthy children in Jordan. Parents completed a demographic checklist and a perceived stress scale. Results: There was a significant difference in stress levels between mothers and fathers, with mothers having significantly higher stress scores. The mean stress score for mothers was 17.94 (SD = 6.41) compared with 15.13 (SD = 7.12) for fathers, p < .001. The eta squared statistic = 0.16 indicated a large effect size. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive correlation between maternal and paternal stress levels (r = 0.574, n = 528, p < .001). Conclusions: The study concluded that parenting children is stressful for both parents; and that in couples parental stress levels correlated with each other. Implications for nursing: Investigating differences in stress between mothers and fathers in Jordan may be helpful when designing interventions to reduce stress and an individual parental support programme may be needed to buffer their stress.
Keywords : Gender, Jordan, Parent, Stress
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Quality of Life for Saudi Patients With Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study. Global Journal of Health Science, 8 (3): 49-58.
Authors : ABURUZ, M., ALALOUL, F., SAIFAN, A., MASA'DEH, R., & ABUSALEM, S
Abstract : Introduction:
Heart failure is a major public health issue and a growing concern in developing countries, including Saudi Arabia. Most related research was conducted in Western cultures and may have limited applicability for individuals in Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study assesses the quality of life of Saudi patients with heart failure.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional correlational design was used on a convenient sample of 103 patients with heart failure. Data were collected using the Short Form-36 and the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey.
Results:
Overall, the patients’ scores were low for all domains of Quality of Life. The Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary mean scores and SDs were (36.7±12.4, 48.8±6.5) respectively, indicating poor Quality of Life. Left ventricular ejection fraction was the strongest predictor of both physical and mental summaries.
Conclusion:
Identifying factors that impact quality of life for Saudi heart failure patients is important in identifying and meeting their physical and psychosocial needs.
Keywords : Arab world, ejection fraction, GCC, heart failure, Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey, Middle East, quality of life, Saudi Arabia, Short Form-36, social support
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20. The Relation of Demographic Characteristics with Fatigue Levels among Coronary Heart Disease Patients: A Jordanian Study. Advanced Studies in Biology, 7 (7): 301-322.
Authors : ALHALAIQA, F., ABU-SHBEEB, I., BATIHA, A.-M., MASA'DEH, R., & AMARNEH, B.,
Abstract : Background and aim: Feeling of fatigue in coronary heart disease (CHD) is frequently reported by the patients, especially after the first experiences of cardiac events. Level of fatigue might relate with demographic characteristics of the patient. Therefore, we wanted to assess the levels of fatigue in relation to demographical characteristics of CHD patients in Jordan. 302 Fadwa Alhalaiqa et al. Methods and materials: A cross sectional study was conducted. A convenient sample of 130 patients was selected from Jordanian hospitals. The Piper fatigue scale (PFS) was used to collect data. Correlation analysis was used to estimate the relationships between sample characteristics and their level of fatigue. Results: The mean of age of participants was 55 years (SD= 12.1); 64% (n=83) were male 85% (n=110) were married. A significant positive relation was seen between age and medical diagnosis with fatigue level experienced by the patients with CHD
Conclusion: Assessing fatigue and patient related demographic characteristics has potential to inform the development of appropriate nursing interventions designed to improve the health status and quality of life for CHD patients.
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Keywords : fatigue, myocardial infarction, angina, pre- coronary artery bypass graft
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22. Theory Practice Gaps in Nursing Education: A Qualitative Perspective. Journal of Social Sciences, 11 (1): 20-29.
Authors : SAIFAN, A., ABURUZ. M., & MASA’DEH, R.,
Abstract : The last three decades have focused on moving the nursing education from the hospitals toward the universities. The theoretical part has started to gain more popularity in nursing education. The literature shows that there is a clear gap between what is taught in the classroom and what the student nurses experience in the clinical area. This study aimed to identify the reasons for this gap and present suggestions to overcome it. An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted. Individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews with thirty students were done. The findings shed light on one main theme "the reasons for theory-practice gap". Many of the students explained that the lack of qualifications of the clinical instructors formed a key stone in increasing the gap between theory and practice. Lack of communication between Theory and Practice teachers was viewed as another reason for this gap. The students showed the complexity of the clinical learning environment in comparison with the theory controlled environment. Poor communication between clinical instructors and lack of support in the clinical training was viewed crucial and was expected to increase the feelings of frustration and dissatisfaction among nursing students. In conclusion, qualitative design used in this study provided deep and rich data about the theory-practice gaps in nursing education in Jordan. The results of this study could be useful for the undergraduate students, the nursing schools, the nursing teachers and the stakeholders in Jordan.
Keywords : Theory-Practice Gap, Nursing, Education
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24. Conflict Management Style of Jordanian Nurse Managers and its Effects on the Staff Nurses’ Intent to Stay. Journal of Nursing Management, 24 (2): 137-145.
Authors : AL-HAMDAN, Z., NUSSERA, H. & MASA’DEH, R.,
Abstract : Aim
To explore the relationship between conflict management styles used by nurse managers and intent to stay of staff nurses.
Background
Nursing shortages require managers to focus on the retention of staff nurses. Understanding the relationship between conflict management styles of nurse managers and intent to stay of staff nurses is one strategy to retain nurses in the workforce.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was carried out in Jordan. The Rahim organization conflict inventory II (ROCI II) was completed by 42 nurse managers and the intent to stay scale was completed by 320 staff nurses from four hospitals in Jordan. The ANOVA analysis was carried out.
Results
An integrative style was the first choice for nurse managers and the last choice was a dominating style. The overall level of intent to stay for nurses was moderate. Nurses tend to keep their current job for 2–3 years. There was a negative relationship between the dominating style as a conflict management style and the intent to stay for nurses.
Conclusion
The findings of the present study support the claim that leadership practices affect the staff nurses' intent to stay and the quality of care.
Implications for nursing management
Nurse managers can improve the intent to stay for staff nurses if they use the appropriate conflict management styles.
Keywords : conflict management, intent to stay, nursing leadership
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26. The Impact of Mental Health Clinical Placement on the Clinical Confidence of Nursing Students in Jordan. Nurse Education Today, 35 (6): 760-764.
Authors : AL-SAGARAT, A, ALSARAIREH, F, MASA'DEH, R. & MOXHAM, L.,
Abstract : Objectives
To examine the impact of clinical placement in a mental health setting on the clinical confidence of nursing students in Jordan.
Design and setting
A non-experimental descriptive survey design was used. Data was collected using the Mental Health Nursing Clinical Confidence Scale (MHNCCS) in Jordan.
Results
Data indicates that, as a result of clinical placement, nursing students had improved perceived confidence regarding the concept of mental health and mental illness, felt better able to conduct a mental health status examination, create nursing care plans, administer medication and provide health education to patients in mental health settings.
Conclusions
Improving the clinical confidence among Jordanian nursing students in relation to mental health nursing skills may provide a safer environment for students and patients as well as lead to enhanced well-being and function of patients. In addition, the results of this study may have practical implications for positive changes to the mental health nursing curriculum clinical placement goals
Keywords : Mental health, Clinical confidence, Clinical placement, Nursing student, Jordan
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Validity of Arabic Version of Beliefs About Medication Questionnaire. Clinical Nursing Research, 24 (5): 539-555
Authors : ALHALAIQA, F, MASA'DEH, R., BATIHA, A & DEANE, K.,
Abstract : To assess the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Beliefs About Medication Questionnaire, a cross-sectional design was used and the data were collected from 605 patients with chronic diseases. The study was conducted between July 2013 and December 2013. The results showed that the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (.71) was satisfactory. There was a significant strong positive correlation between test–retest for the same group subsample, with a correlation coefficient range of .45 to .78. There were no statistically significant differences between retest subgroups and remaining samples in the questionnaire subscales. The percentage of missing value was around 0.03, which confirmed the feasibility of the Arabic version of the questionnaire. These findings suggested that having a culturally acceptable, valid and reliable instrument to identify patients’ beliefs toward medication in Jordan will play an important role in tailoring appropriate intervention to enhance patient compliance with their prescribed medication.
Keywords : beliefs, medication, reliability, validity, compliance
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29. Experiences of Jordanian Mothers and Fathers of Children with Cancer. Journal of American Science, 10 (8): 29-39.
Authors : SAIFAN, A., MASA’DEH, R., HALL, C., & COLLIER, J.,
Abstract : Previous studies investigating psychological stress of parents of a child with cancer have shown inconsistent findings about parental perceived stress whose children have cancer and most of these studies were established in Western communities (with none in the Arab world). Additionally, the majority of published research focused on mothers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore perceived stress in mothers and fathers (couples) parenting a child with cancer in Jordan. Such an exploration may contribute to the existing literature and improve overall family survivorship experiences following childhood cancer in Jordan. This qualitative study used semistructured interviews of 12 mothers and 12 fathers parenting a child with cancer in Jordan. Parents of children of various cancer diagnoses were interviewed and the ages of children were between six months and 14 years. Most mothers admitted that being with the ill child most of the time and therefore away from other healthy children, relatives and friends was the main cause of stress. However, most fathers said that employment status and financial burden were their main causes of stress after their child’s health status. Most of the interviewed couples commented that they were sharing the life situation with their partners, helping and supporting each other to overcome the challenges. Results of this study highlight the importance of recognizing the psychological needs of Jordanian mothers and fathers of a child with cancer not only at the time of diagnosis but also during the cancer journey.
Keywords : mother; father; parent; child; cancer; stress
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Families’ Stressors and Needs at Time of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation: A Jordanian Perspective. Global Journal of Health Science, 6 (2): 72-85.
Authors : MASA’DEH, R., SAIFAN, A., TIMMONS, S. & NAIRN, S.,
Abstract : Background:
During cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, family members, in some hospitals, are usually pushed to stay out of the resuscitation room. However, growing literature implies that family presence during resuscitation could be beneficial. Previous literature shows controversial belief whether or not a family member should be present during resuscitation of their relative. Some worldwide association such as the American Heart Association supports family-witnessed resuscitation and urge hospitals to develop policies to ease this process. The opinions on family-witnessed resuscitation vary widely among various cultures, and some hospitals are not applying such polices yet. This study explores family members’ needs during resuscitation in adult critical care settings.
Methods:
This is a part of larger study. The study was conducted in six hospitals in two major Jordanian cities. A purposive sample of seven family members, who had experience of having a resuscitated relative, was recruited over a period of six months. Semi-structured interview was utilised as the main data collection method in the study.
Findings:
The study findings revealed three main categories: families’ need for reassurance; families’ need for proximity; and families’ need for support. The need for information about patient’s condition was the most important need. Updating family members about patient’s condition would reduce their tension and improve their acceptance for the end result of resuscitation. All interviewed family members wanted the option to stay beside their loved one at end stage of their life. Distinctively, most of family members want this option for some religious and cultural reasons such as praying and supplicating to support their loved one.
Conclusions:
This study emphasizes the importance of considering the cultural and religious dimensions in any family-witnessed resuscitation programs. The study recommends that family members of resuscitated patients should be treated properly by professional communication and involving them in the treatment process. The implications concentrate on producing specific guidelines for allowing family-witnessed resuscitation in the Jordanian context. Finally, attaining these needs will in turn decrease stress of those witnessing resuscitation of their relative.
Keywords : relative, resuscitation, need, witness, stress
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Predictors of Stress of Parents of a Child with Cancer: A Jordanian Perspective. Global Journal of Health Science, 5 (6): 81-99.
Authors : MASA'DEH, R., COLLIER, J., HALL, C. & ALHALAIQA, F.,
Abstract : Background:
Most paediatric oncology studies agree that being parents of a child with cancer is an emotionally stressful event. Although an increasing number of studies have investigated psychological stress of parents of a child with cancer, few of these studies have included both parents or investigated the predictors of high stress levels for the mothers and the fathers. Moreover, studies published over the last few decades were limited to Western countries and have shown inconsistent findings about parental perceived stress whose children have cancer. This study explored differences in predictors of perceived stress between Jordanian mothers and fathers of children with cancer.
Methods:
This study involved a survey of 300 couples parenting a child with cancer. Participants answered the Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale 10-items, demographic and characteristics check list questionnaires. The main aims were to measure perceived stress levels for mothers and fathers, explore the predictors associated with high perceived stress levels and make a comparison between them.
Findings:
Mothers reported significantly higher stress levels than fathers (p<0.001), with a large effect size (0.30). Some of the factors associated with mothers and fathers high stress levels affected both parents whereas employment status affected only fathers’ stress levels.
Conclusions:
These findings indicate the need to work with the mothers and the fathers with a child with cancer in Jordan to recognise their psychological needs at the time of diagnosis and followed by on-going psychological support for both parents.
Keywords : parent, child, cancer, stress
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Parental Stress When Caring for a Child with Cancer in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 10 (88): 4-7
Authors : MASA'DEH, R., COLLIER, J. & HALL, C.,
Abstract : Background
Most studies report that being parents of a child with cancer is a stressful experience, but these have tended to focus on mothers and few have included both parents. Moreover, studies have focussed on families in Western countries and none have been published examining the psychological outcomes for parents living in an Arabic country.
This research explores the stress levels of Jordanian parents caring for a child with cancer in order to identify the psychological needs of parents in this environment and to explore how mothers and fathers stress levels might differ.
Methods
The study was carried out in Jordan using the Perceived Stress Scale 10-items (PSS10). The questionnaire was completed by 300 couples with a child who has cancer and a comparison group of 528 couples where the children do not have any serious illness. Multivariate backward regression analysis was carried out.
Results
Analysis adjusting for spousal stress and sociodemographic predictors revealed that stress levels of mothers with a child who had cancer remained significantly higher than mothers whose children did not have any serious illness (p < 0.001). However, having a child with cancer did not show a significant association with the fathers’ reported stress scores (p = 0.476) when spousal stress was in the model, but was highly significant once that was removed (p < 0.001).
Parental stress was analysed for those with a child who has cancer and in models which included spouse’s stress scores, sociodemographic and cancer-related predictors 64 % of the variance was explained for mothers (adjusted R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001) and fathers (adjusted R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001). Models excluding spousal stress scores explained just 26 % of the variance for fathers and 22 % for mothers.
Conclusions
This is the first study into the psychological outcomes for parents living in an Arabic country who care for a child with cancer. Both mothers and fathers with a child diagnosed with cancer reported higher stress levels than those from the normal Jordanian parent population. Mothers and fathers of children with cancer reported significantly different levels of stress to each other but models reveal significant contributions of the stress score of fathers upon mothers, and vice versa. The findings provide evidence of the need for psychological support to be developed for families caring for a child with cancer in Jordan.
Keywords : Parents, Children, Cancer, Stress, Caregivers, Mothers, Fathers
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