Luma Ghazi Alzamel

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Research Title :Factors Exploring Malaysian Nurses’ Intention to Leave: A Qualitative Study.

Authors : Luma Ghazi Al Zamel, Khatijah Lim Abdullah, Chong Mei Chan

Abstract :Background: Intention to leave is the strongest predictor of actual turnover, and understanding the factors that influence this decision is crucial to retaining qualified nurses. Aim: The objective of the study was to explore the factors contributing to nurses’ intention to leave. Methods: The study employed a qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews with ten guided questions. It was conducted at a Malaysian teaching hospital in medical, surgical, and critical care units. Fifteen nurses, who had worked as nurses for more than six months, were recruited. The interview transcripts and field notes were analyzed using thematic analysis. NVivo version 10 software was used for coding, organizing, creating audit trails, and retrieving data. Results: The study revealed that among the nurses, all were female, aged between 23 and 43 years old. Nearly half of the nurses were single. More than half had less than six years of work experience and were from the surgical ward. Four main themes with ten subthemes were identified: work-life and family balance, work environment, nurses’ image in the community, and job opportunities. These themes were considered important factors leading to the nurses’ intention to leave. Conclusion: The propensity of nurses to leave can be minimized by enhancing the quality of the work environment and workplace. Nurses who feel that their organizations support their achievements and well-being by encouraging them to perform their tasks effectively and manage stressful situations will be more committed to their organizations and exhibit a greater sense of loyalty compared to those who do not feel this support.

Keywords :Intention to leave, Malaysian nurses, qualitative study

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Research Title :: Assessment of women Knowledge and Awareness of Hypothyroidism Disorder During Pregnancy among Jordanian Women.

Authors : Al-Rajabi O.Z., Qandeel N., Al Zamel L.G., Alhamory S., Abu Sumaqa Y.

Abstract :Abstract: Background and Objectives: Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is an important health problem worldwide. Poor knowledge about thyroid disorder especially hypothyroidism leads to high rate of fetal and maternal negative pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of pregnant women about the impact thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Method: A cross- sectional descriptive study was used. A convenience, Purposive Sample, consisted of 500 pregnant women from 3 Jordanian regions (north, middle, and south) were used to recruit the participants. A structured questionnaire, consisted of 2 parts (demographic variables, and knowledge) was used to collect data. Result: This study found that women had limited knowledge and awareness about hypothyroidism, impact of thyroid disorders, and dietary supplements of iodine during pregnancy. Among the respondents, only 5% of the respondents had given correct response on'' dry skin'' as a sign of thyroid disorders during pregnancy. None of the respondents were aware of risk for mothers and fetus for untreated thyroid disorders. Conclusion: This study suggests developing national policies and programs to improve people’s awareness regarding hypothyroidism and iodine-related health conditions.

Keywords :Knowledge, Awareness, Hypothyroidism, Pregnancy.

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Research Title :Factors Influencing Nurses' Intention to Leave and Intention to Stay: An Integrative Review

Authors :Al Zamel L.G., Abdullah Kh. L., Chan C. M., Piaw Ch.Y.

Abstract :Abstract: Nursing retention is a critical issue for organization. High nurses’ turnover impact negatively on an organization requirement to meet patient needs and quality care. This integrative review aims to critically review and synthesize published studies to obtain better understanding of the determinants of nurse’s intention to leave or stay in the organization. Thirty-seven studies which met the inclusion criteria from different locations using a variety of instruments and research designs were identified using PRISMA guideline. Many factors including job satisfaction, organizational commitment, quality of work life, work environment, leadership style, bullying at work, family reason, and job security were identified to be associated negatively with nurse’s intention to leave and positively with intention to stay in organization. More qualitative studies are needed to understand in depth, the reasons and factors that underlie and influence turnover, intention to leave or remain in organization.

Keywords :integrative review, intention to leave, intention to stay, register nurse

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Research Title :The quality of work life and turnover intentions among Malaysian nurses: the mediating role of organizational commitment

Authors :: Luma Ghazi Ibrahim Alzamel, Khatijah Lim Abdullah, Mei Chan Chongand Yan Piaw Chua

Abstract :Abstract: Background: Understanding the factors influencing nurses’ turnover intention, particularly the work life quality and commitment to organization, is important to all countries suffering from nursing shortage. The study aims to determine the mediating role of commitment to organization on work life quality and its relationship with turnover intention among Malaysian nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design, using a self-report survey was conducted on 430 nurses from a teaching hospital from February to April 2019. A structural equation model version 3 was used for testing study hypotheses. Results: The mediating effect (indirect effect) of organizational commitment on the relationship between work life quality and turnover intention (QWL→OC→IT) was negative with path coefficient − 0.234, whereas the direct effect of work life quality on turnover intention (QWL→IT) was negative with smaller path coefficient − 0.228. This means that the relationship between work life quality and turnover intention was partially mediated by the organizational commitment (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Organizational commitment has a negative partial mediating effect between work life quality of nurses and intention of turnover in teaching hospitals where the organizational commitment significantly reduced the nurses’ intention to leave. The study findings can guide nursing managers to be carefully attended to the levels of nurses’ commitment to their organization

Keywords : Quality of work life, Turnover intention, Organizational commitment, Malaysian nurse

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Research Title :The Moderating Effect of Demographic Characteristics of the Relationship Between the Quality of Work Life and The Relationship of Turnover Intention Among Malaysian Nurses.

Authors :Luma Ghazi Al Zamel, Khatijah Lim Abdullah, , Chong Mei Chan, Chua Yan Piaw

Abstract :Abstract: aim: This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of demographic variables (sex, age, marital status, years of experience, level of education, and income) on the relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention in Malaysian nurses.method: a descriptive, and cross-sectional design using brook’s quality of nursing work life questionnaire (self-reported) and porter’s anticipated turnover scale was implemented to collect data from 430 randomly selected Malaysian nurses in a teaching hospital’s medical, surgical, and special units. the data were analyzed using the structural equation model smart partial least squares and statistical package for social sciences software services. results: the nurses had a moderate level of quality of work life and high level of turnover intention. sex, number of children, and work wards/units had a moderating effect on turnover intention, after its interaction with quality of work life (p < .05). conclusion: the study findings highlighted the factors having a moderating effect on turnover intention after its interaction with quality of work life. this knowledge is beneficial for providing guidance to nursing leaders or healthcare departments in hospitals to improve nurses’ quality of work life and decrease their turnover intention. Addressing and understanding the demands and needs of nurses in the work environment and the family structure within a quality of work life could affect nurse’s retention, leading to a decrease in their turnover intention.

Keywords :Demographic data, Malaysian nurses, moderator, quality of work life, turnover intention

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Research Title :Medical & Non - Medical Students Attitudes Toward Mental Illness & Psychiatric Patient at Umm Al Qura University

Authors : Manal. A.M, Al Zamil L.G.

Abstract :Abstract: Mental illness is a term used for a group of disorders causing severe disturbance in thinking, feeling and relating. Certainty, negative attitudes toward mental illness appear to worsen the overall quality of life of individuals with mental disorders. Aim: This study aimed to compare the attitudes of medical and nonmedical undergraduate female university students toward mental illness and psychiatric patients. Subjects &Methods: this study was a descriptive comparative design. A convenient sample composed of 200 undergraduate female students from medical & nonmedical faculties at Umm Qura. University was selected and interviewed to collect the data through using the following two tools, a Structured Interviewing Questionnaire and Attitude Scale for mental illness. Results: The results revealed that, 39% & 38% of medical and non- medical undergraduate female students respectively, gained their information about mental illness through mass media. Most of medical students (81% ) compared with 53% of non-medical students their attitudes toward psychiatric patients were trying to help them. While, 13% & 28% of medical and non- medical students respectively, consider psychiatric patients as a source of danger. There were a statistically significant differences between medical and non- medical students regarding attitude scale for mental illness domains; Separatism and Restrictiveness, at (p –value 0.013, and 0.017 respectively) the high mean score was reported by the medical students. Conclusion: The medical students had more positive attitude toward mental illness and psychiatric patients than non-medical students. Recommendation: Projects and programs for decreasing stigma include symposiums on mental health policy, mental health forums, and public outreach (Conversations) are recommended

Keywords :Attitudes - Mental illness -Psychiatric patients - Medical, non-medical students

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Research Title :Pain assessment immediately after venipuncture in adulthood

Authors :Insherah R Mohammad, Luma Gh Al Zamil and Inam Harun Trengganu

Abstract :Abstract: Background: Differences in individual pain perception, response to pain, as well as the multiple and diverse causes of pain require the use of highly specialized abilities to promote comfort and to relieve pain. Aim of this study: to assess the pain immediately after venipuncture in young and middle adulthood and identify the factors that affecting on pain assessment immediately after venipuncture. Subjects & Method: The study design was cross sectional descriptive composed of: 60 patients who were ordered for venipuncture and selected from surgical – medical ward, their ages ranged from 17-65 years antigovernmental hospital in Makkah Al mukarramah. Three tools were used to collect the data, interview questionnaire sheet, Observational indicators sheet & tow standard pain assessment scales (numerical rating scale and Simple verbal descriptive distress scale). Result: it was found that highest percentages among both study samples lived in urban (96.66 &73.33±1.150, SD=.36) respectively. By using (SVDPDs), the majority of young and middle adulthood were had annoying feeling immediately after venipuncture constituted (43.33% &36.67%) respectively. There is a statistical significance difference between young and middle adulthood related to patient's facial expressions, verbalizations and changes in mental status (.045, .023&.038) respectively. Conclusion: There are no differences between the middle & young adult in pain assessment immediately after venipuncture. It is recommended that the behavior indicators important measure for assessing the pain in this period of life

Keywords : Pain, Venipuncture, Young Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Simple Descriptive Pain Distress Scale (SVDPDs) & Assessment

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Research Title :Quality of life among menopausal women

Authors : Hoda A. E. Mohamed, Sahar M. Lamadah, Luma Gh. Al. Zamil

Abstract :Abstract: Background: The transition through menopause is a life event that can profoundly affect quality of life. More than 80% of women report physical and psychological symptoms that commonly accompany menopause, with varying degree of severity and life disruption. The aim of this study was to assess the menopausal related symptoms and their impact on the women's quality of life. Research questions: Are the menopausal symptoms impacts on the women's quality of life? Methods: A descriptive design was used. A convenient sample composed of 90 women at range of age between 40-60 years was recruited from gynecological department. An interviewing sheet was designed by the researchers and menopause specific quality of life questionnaire were used to collect the data. Results: The present study showed that the most severe symptoms of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual domains were, hot flushes (29%), experiencing poor memory (48.3%), being dissatisfied with their personal life (44.8%), Low backache (41.9%), and change in sexual desire (36.8%). The overall scores of menopausal qualities of life for each domain are indicated that the highest mean score in sexual domain (3.19 ± 1.99), followed by psychosocial (2.94 ± 1.45). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the most severe symptoms of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual domains were, hot flushes, poor memory, dissatisfaction with personal life, low backache, and change in sexual desire. While the mean scores of each domain suggest that menopausal symptoms were associated with decrease in women quality of life.

Keywords :Menopausal symptoms, Quality of life

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Research Title : Perceived Level of Stress, & Coping Strategies Among Saudi Nursing Student

Authors : Al Zamil L.G.

Abstract :Abstract: The present study aimed at assessing the stress level& determine the coping strategies among the nursing students at Umm Al Qura University. The study design was descriptive, cross- sectional. The study was conducted at the beginning of second semester in the academic year 2015/2016. The sample consisted of three tools for data collection: which included a socio-demographic profile sheet, two scales; Perceived Stress Scale14(PSS 14) to assess stress level, and The Brief Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (Brief COPE) to assess The Students' coping strategies. Results revealed have that the percentage of stress level was moderate in students. Adaptive stress-coping strategies were more frequently used among a sample of nursing student at umm al Qura university in Saudi Arabia. The study recommended that it is important for nurse educator to find out the sources of stress and coping strategies used by the students so that they can be helped to cope well with upcoming problems and situations.

Keywords : Stress, Coping Strategies, stressors (socio-demographic) &Nursing Saudi Students

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Research Title :Self-Care Practice Among Adolescent Females During Dysmenorrhea at Umm Al Qura University

Authors :Sahar Mansour Lamadah and Luma Ghazi Al Zamil

Abstract :Abstract: Background: Dysmenorrhea refers to the symptom of painful menstruation. It can be divided into 2 broad categories: primary (occurring in the absence of pelvic pathology) and secondary (resulting from identifiable organic diseases). About 88% of adolescents with dysmenorrhea experience their first painful menstruation within the first 2 years after menarche. The consequences of untreated primary dysmenorrhea range from school absenteeism to disruption of relationships with family and friends. The aim of this study was to assess self-care practices among adolescent females during dysmenorrhea at Umm Al Qura University. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive design was used. The present study was conducted at 2 faculties at Umm Al-Qura University (Faculty of Nursing and faculty of applied medical sciences). A convenient sample of 150-second year students enrolled in the above mentioned settings in the range of age 17-21 years was recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was developed by the researchers. Results: most of adolescent females suffered from dysmenorrhea (88.6%). A large proportion of adolescent females either performed incomplete or wrong practices during menstrual pain (34.0%, 24.7%) respectively. In addition, father and mother's education of 56.2% and 53.0% respectively of females who have correct practices is university or above. Moreover, correct practices increased with small family size, 81.5% of females with small family size (3-5) had correct practices. Conclusion and Recommendations: It can be concluded that a considerable proportion of adolescent females either performed incomplete or wrong practices during the pain. It is recommended to develop continuous health education programs regarding menstruation in the school that give students age- appropriate information about menstruation and its problems.

Keywords : Adolescent females, Dysmenorrheal.

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Research Title :Developing and evaluating counseling program for caregivers to cope with their children suffering from Autism at Makah Al Mukramah

Authors : Manal Hassan Abo El –Magd, Nahed Saied El -Nagger, Luma Ghazi Al Zamil, Samera Yaqoub Kashkar

Abstract :Abstract: Background: Parents, as the main care providers for the children whose are suffering from autistic disorder need to meet the needs of their children, as well as the need to be healthy and able to assist their children development. The aims of this study were to assess caregivers' coping strategies with their children suffering from autism, develop a counseling program according to caregivers' needs and evaluate the effect of counseling program on caregivers' coping strategies. Subjects and methods: A quasi experimental design was used. A Purposive sample composed of 97caregivers of children suffering from autism (mild to moderate autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were recruited from El Amal-Al Manshood and Tafaoul Centers at Makkah Al Mukkramah in KSA. Tools of data collection: data were collected through using the following tools; A self-administered questionnaire for the caregivers, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES), Family Impact of Childhood Disability (FICD) Scale and Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES). Results: The present study revealed that, there were a statistically significant differences between mean scores of acquiring social support and passive appraisal domains of, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, pre and post counseling program (T. test =2.85 and 2.75, at P value at 0.01 for both domains respectively). Meanwhile there was no statistically significant difference regarding the rest of other domains such as reframing, seeking spiritual support, mobilizing family to acquire and accept help. Additionally, the family cohesion and adaptation categories were clearly positively modified after counseling program, the percentage of family disengaged was decrease from 94.7% to 44.7%. While very connection and connected pattern were increase to 10.5% & 15.8% pre and post respectively. Conclusion: The present study concluded that counseling program improved the caregivers' coping patterns of children suffering from ASD, in addition to their family's cohesion and adaptation. Recommendations: The present study recommended that continuous counseling programs are needed to improve the caregivers of child suffering from autism for their coping patterns. Also, policy makers should integrate supportive counseling programs in the routine programs provided in all healthcare centers for children with special needs. Finally, attention should be paid to raise the public awareness about available community resources for caring child with autism in KSA.

Keywords :Child with autistic disorder, Counseling Program Caregivers' adaptation Cohesion, Family coping

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Dr. Luma Ghazi Alzamel

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