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Ismat Aldmour

Research

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LTE and WiMAX: Comparison and future perspective

Author :Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :Two wireless technologies, WiMAX based on IEEE standards and LTE standardized by 3GPP, are two competing technologies, nevertheless, are very technically similar. This competition started with the advent of their pre-4G versions (802.16e for Mobile WiMAX and 3GPP release 8 for LTE) and continued with the advent of their 4G versions (WiMAX 2.0 based on IEEE 802.16 m and LTE-Advanced standardized by Release 10). It looks that the competition ended with the advantage of LTE. Plans are set for WiMAX to migrate/integrate with LTE in a multiple heterogeneous access technology mode. This article addresses the technical similarities and differences that advantage one technology over the other technology in order to determine which of these factors might have contributed to LTE winning. Nontechnical factors of commercial and historical nature which might also advantage one technology over the other one are also explored. Finally, current activities in the standardization of both WiMAX and LTE are presented with a perspective on the prospects of both technologies.

Keywords :LTE-Advanced; WiMAX 2; 3GPP Release 10; IEEE 802.16m; WiMAX-Advanced; LTE vs WiMAX

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​​​​​Powering the internet of things with 5G networks

Authors :Vasuky Mohanan, Rahmat Budiarto, Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :Powering the Internet of Things With 5G Networks is a comprehensive reference source for the latest scholarly research on the progression and design of fifth generation networks and their role in supporting the Internet of Things. Including a range of perspectives on topics such as privacy and security, large scale monitoring, and scalable architectures, this book is ideally designed for technology developers, academics, researchers, and practitioners interested in the convergence of the Internet of Things and 5G networks

Keywords :Mobile Technology, Broadcasting, Mobile Communications, Telecommunications, Mobile Web Services, Cellular Networks, Digital Communication, Virtual Network Operations, Wireless Technologies, Wireless Broadband

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Wireless broadband tools and their evolution towards 5G networks

Authors :Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectivity issues like coverage, throughput and quality of service. The success is driving new services of diversified requirements and more traffic which dictates a continuous increase in data rates and improved performance. This work reviews the different technology tools used to meet rates and traffic requirements of the past and the present with a look into their role in future networks. The coming fifth generation (5G), in particular, is confronted by a number of antonym challenges of capacity, spectrum, energy, connectivity, performance, complexity, and cost. Suggested tools proposed to meet these challenges and the way they act to do so are reviewed and compared to current and past solutions. The tools discussed are the use of millimetric waves, massive multiple input multiple output antenna systems, indoor–outdoor separation, ultra-dense cooperative networks, and the increased reliance on users’ terminals. The major constructional differences and tools differences between current and future 5G are finally emphasized.

Keywords :Wireless broadband tools, Broadband evolution, Broadband future, 5G

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​​​​​Multicast resource allocation with opportunistic scheduling in LTE networks

Authors :Mohammed Algharem1, Mohammed Hasbullah Omar1, Ismat Aldmour, Rahmat Budiarto ​

Abstract :Long Term Evolution (LTE) and beyond networks offer high bitrates with low latencies, which makes them the best choice to handle the growing demand on multicast mobile services such as video streaming, and news broadcasting. In Conventional Multicast Scheme (CMS), the gain of multicast is exploited by transmitting data to all users simultaneously using the rate of the worst channel gain (WCG), which wastes network resources. In this paper, to better balance the tradeoff between the multicast gain and multiuser diversity, we propose a mechanism to select a threshold to split users into two subgroups and exploits the Opportunistic Multicast Scheme (OMS) to transmit the data. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism improves the multicast performance in terms of increased throughput, decreased delay and Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) compared to existing mechanisms from the literature.

Keywords :E-MBMS; LTE; Modulation and coding scheme; Opportunistic multicast scheme

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Network Selection Problems-QoE vs QoS. Who is the Winner?

Authors :Vasuky Mohanan, Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who think that using Quality of Experience (QoE) is the best yardstick to measure the suitability of a Candidate Network (CN) to handover to. On the other hand, Quality of Service (QoS) is also advocated as the solution for network selection problems. In this article, a comprehensive framework that supports effective and efficient network selection is presented. The framework attempts to provide a holistic solution to network selection problems that is achieved by combining both of the QoS and the QoE measures. Using this hybrid solution the best qualities in both methods are combined to overcome issues of the network selection problem. According to ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union – Radio Standardization Sector), a 4G network is defined as having peak data rates of 100Mb/s for mobile nodes with speed up to 250 km/hr and 1Gb/s for mobile nodes moving at pedestrian speed. Based on this definition, it is safe to say that the mobile nodes (MN) which can go from pedestrian speed to speed of up to 250 km/hr will be the norm in the future. This indicates that the MN‟s mobility will be highly dynamic. In particular, this article addresses the issues of network selection for high speed MN‟s in 4G networks. The framework presented in this article also discusses how the QoS value collected from CNs can be fine-tuned to better reflect an MN‟s current mobility scenario.

Keywords :Network Selection Problem, 4G Network, QoS, QoE

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​​​​​Research Title :Uplink capacity/coverage analysis of WCDMA with switched beam smart antennae

Authors :Ismat A. Aldmour, Khalid Al-Begain & Aymen I. Zreikat ​

Abstract :Capacity and coverage represent, in addition to QoS, the three main requirements for W-CDMA based 3G mobile communication systems. These are conflicting requirements; i.e., optimizing one will be on the account of the other two. All three, however, depend largely on the interference levels in the system. Improvements on interference are thought to have a decisive effect on the performance of the 3G system and one important interference reduction technique is the utilization of smart antennae. In this paper, we analyze capacity/coverage on the uplink in W-CDMA system utilizing switched beam smart antennae, SBSA, using a simple model of the antenna, while satisfying a certain minimum level of QoS. Limits imposed by both interference from others and the limited uplink power available to any user in the cell are considered. Results of this paper are analytical formulae for capacity/coverage that take into consideration many of the important parameters of either the antennae or the WCDMA system. A sectional view of improvement gains, if any, of either capacity or coverage upon antenna upgrading/downgrading is provided. It is shown that improvements by the directional SBSA of either capacity or coverage, are only attained at high interference conditions; i.e., higher number of users when considering coverage improvement or smaller coverage areas when considering capacity. The higher the interference conditions are the higher gain over side lobes or more beams SBSA are needed to attain improvement.

Keywords :WCDMA, Smart Antenna, Interference, Capacity, Coverage

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​​​​​Research Enhancement of FMIPv6 by utilising concurent binding update process

Authors : I. Aldmour, T. Al-Dala’in, L. Siregar and R. Budiarto ​

Abstract :The world is progressing toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are able to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper enhances the binding updates process in the Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) to improve its handover process performance in term of secureness and robustness, by implementing concurant binding update process thru the use of the International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI). Simulation results show that the proposed idea reduces the handover latency to about 63% compared to standard FMIPv6.

Keywords :FMIPv6

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​​​​​Performance model of a WIMAX 2.0 All-IP 4G system

Authors :Aymen I. Zreikat, Ismat A. Aldmour & Khalid Al-Begain ​

Abstract :4G is promising a wireless broadband with data rates up to 1Gbps. The two candidate technologies for 4G are the Advanced Long Term Evolution (Advanced LTE) which is based on the 3GPP standards and the WiMAX 2.0 based on the IEEE 802.16 family of standards. The common feature of both technologies is that they will provide All-IP connectivity with flexible bit rates and quality of service guarantees for multiple classes of services including voice, mainly using voice over IP, data and video services. Most of the performance studies of 4G technologies use highly complex and sophisticated simulations due to the multiple complexity factors in investigating 4G technologies such as All-IP flexible bit rates, adaptive coding and modulation as well as the multi-services provided. These factors usually make any modelling attempt very difficult. This paper presents a numerical/analytical model for a 4G WiMAX cell based on a multi-dimensional Continuous-Time Markov Chain (CTMC) model. Performance measures were derived for the key performance indicators such as throughput and average bit rate per cell and per service class. By assuming minimum acceptable bit rates for certain quality of service guarantees, we derived measures for blocking probabilities. The model has been formulated and solved using MOSEL-2 (Modelling Specification and Evaluation Language) which captures the key features of a 4G system that affect services at session/call level. The resuls obtained from the model using sample parameters show that, the model can provide very useful insight to system behavior and can give good first indication to the performance of such a complex system.

Keywords :Performance analysis, WiMAX/LTE cell, MOSEL-2 language, 4G of mobile networks, Modelling

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​​​​​SeamSAR: Seamless, Secure and Robust Handover Model for Mobile IPTV Network Using Enhanced FMIPv6

Authors :Ismat Aldmour, Thair Al-Dala’in, Lelyzar Siregar, Rahmat Budiarto ​

Abstract :Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) was proposed, many researchers have tried to develop a new protocol based on this technology in order to improve the performance of mobile multimedia services. The world is emerging toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are enabled to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper proposes a new model of secure and robust handover with low handover latency, called SeamSAR. The model introduces a new way to perform home binding update and correspondent binding update simultaneously. Simulation results show that the proposed model reduced the handover latency to 63% compared to FMIPv6. Moreover, the secureness of the proposed model was verified using CMurphi simulator.

Keywords : Concurent binding update, FMIPv6, IMSI, IPTV, Secure handove

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A New Computer Engineering Curriculum Based on Technology Expansion to Address the Needs of Developing Communities

Authors :Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :Computer engineering (CE) is a discipline that best serves the semiconductor, micro-architecture, computer equipment manufacturers, and other similar high tech industries which generally do not exist in developing communities. Therefore, there is often a mismatch problem between the curricula offered by CE departments and the actual needs of such communities. Nevertheless, most attempts for engineering curricula revitalization in developing countries focus on bridging the gap in applying the curriculum models, designed for, and meant to serve the developed communities. Hence, this work presents a new curriculum approach in which the student’s learning experience is expanded outside CE to include a technology area of interest to the community. The article revises the typical CE curriculum model and visualizes it as a funnel structure, called the Single Funnel Model (SFM). SFM directs students to core computer engineering courses or courses in a specific concentration area. However, the need for concentration in developing communities with moderatetech industries in a country like Saudi-Arabia is questionable. Hence, to better serve such communities, it is suggested that concentration areas be replaced by technology wide areas called Technology Expansion (TE) areas. Such a curriculum structure is called the Dual Successive Funnels Model (DSFM). To assess the problem and the suggested model, members of the academic community in the field in universities in the Middle East and Gulf countries were surveyed. The investigation revealed that the academics were, on the average, neutral on the extent of the problem, whereas they think that the new DSFM based on TE suits the needs of their developing communities better than the current SFM based on concentration. They also think that it can help the students develop their professional skills and lead to better integration in work environments.

Keywords :computer engineering education; curriculum modeling; technology based learning; SFM; DSFM

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​​​​​A Polynomial-based Pairwise Key Pre-distribution and Node Authentication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Authors :Fatemeh Banaie, Seyed Amin Hosseini Seno, Ismat Aldmour and Rahmat Budiarto ​

Abstract :Continuous advances in the areas of sensor networks have made wireless sensor networks (WSNs) attractive for wide variety of applications, with vastly varying requirements and characteristics. As data sensed by nodes usually contains sensitive information, adherence to data protection requirements is vital in WSNs. This paper introduces a new robust key pre-distribution key management scheme using random polynomial functions and a matrix. The proposed mechanism significantly increases storage efficiency and enhances network resilience against node capture. The effectiveness of the mechanism is demonstrated by security analysis and a comparison to existing schemes.

Keywords :Data protection; key management; pre-distribution; polynomial functions.

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Teaching and Learning Computer Science at Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia: Insights from a Staff Development Course

Authors :A. Berglund, A. Pears, A. Nylén, I. Aldmour, et. al ​

Abstract :In this special session we meet a set of projects in computer science and engineering education at a university in Saudi Arabia. They are the product of a pedagogical development course ran in collaboration with a Swedish university during the academic year 2013/2014. The projects reflect the local situation, with its possibilities and challenges, and suggest steps to take, in the local environment, to enhance education. As such it is a unique document that brings insights from computer science and engineering education into the international literature.

Keywords :staff development, Saudi Arabia, computer science education, learning and teaching

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​​​​​Impact of Cultural and Language Background on Learning Computer Science Concepts

Authors :Ismat Aldmour; Aletta Nylén ​

Abstract :Computer science terminology is generally based on words that have a related original meaning in English and rooted in western tradition. Hence, students from other cultures and students that are not native English speakers, will not be helped by language and culture in understanding computer science concepts. In this work, the authors review the interrelationship between language, cultural background, and the learning of computer science. A comparative study is under preparation in which this relationship is to be examined. The study will compare the intuitive understanding of computer science concepts between Saudi student groups of different English language proficiency levels and of different maturity levels. A test has been designed in order to reveal differences in the perception of computer science concepts that can be attributed to such background differences. The study will serve as a starting point for further work on how computer science education can be enhanced for students that are non-native English speakers.

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​​​​​SLRV: An RFID Mutual Authentication Protocol Conforming to EPC Generation-2 Standard

Authors :Mu’awya Naser, Ismat Aldmour, Rahmat Budiarto, Pedro Peris-Lopez ​

Abstract :Having done an analysis on the security vulnerabilities of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) through a desynchronization and an impersonation attacks, it is revealed that the secret information (i.e.: secret key and static identifier) shared between the tag and the reader is unnecessary. To overcome the vulnerability, this paper introduces Shelled Lightweight Random Value (SLRV) protocol; a mutual authentication protocol with high-security potentials conforming to electronic product code (EPC) Class-1 Generation-2 Tags, based on lightweight and standard cryptography on the tag’s and reader’s side, respectively. SLRV prunes de-synchronization attacks where the updating of internal values is only executed on the tag’s side and is a condition to a successful mutual authentication. Results of security analysis of SLRV, and comparison with existing protocols, are presented.

Keywords :lightweight RFID, EPC Class-1 Gen-2, mutual authentication protocol, security analysis

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Degradation of Service Modelling and Investigation in WCDMA Mobile Communications

Authors :Ismat Aldmour; Khalid Al-Begain ​

Abstract :

Keywords :WCDMA,Degradation of Service,UMTS,Capacity,Coverage

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​​​​​Verification of Covid-19 Social Assistance Recipients using Naïve Bayes Classifier

Authors :Ramzi Kamali, Yunita S. Sari, Ismat Aldmour, and Rahmat Budiarto ​

Abstract :The Indonesian government launches the Covid-19 social assistance program to reduce the impacts of the economic downturn during the pandemic. The recipients of social assistance in Sukabumi Selatan District of Jakarta Province is collected form Neighborhood Association (RT/RW). However, this mechanism has limitations in terms of feasibility assessment through direct verification which is not optimal due to social restriction activities. At the same time, data is also collected through the regular recipients of social aid program, so there is a data discrepancy that causing a bias in determining the recipients’ feasibility. Therefore, a mechanism is required to assess the eligibility of the recipients. This study aims to assist Social Service Agency of Sukabumi Selatan district, in assessing the eligibility of the recipients using Naïve Bayes classifier and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) classifier as comparison. Experiments using Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) model were carried out on a collected dataset, and the results show that Naïve Bayes classifier shows the best result with 93% accuracy, 86% precision and 100% recall, while K-NN has 90% accuracy, 82% precision and 98% recall. This research may assist the Social Service Agency of the district to determining more accurately the target recipients

Keywords :Covid-19 Pandemic; Social assistance; Data Classification; Naïve Bayes; K-NN

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​​​​​Smart Real-Time Internet-of-Things Network Monitoring System

Authors :Adil Fahad Alharthi, Mohammed Yahya Alzahrani, Ismat Aldmour, Deris Stiawan, Muhammad Fermi Pasha, Rahmat Budiarto ​

Abstract :The network traffic of the Internet became huge and more complex due to the expansion of the Internet technology in supporting the convergence of IP networks, Internet of Things, and social networks. As a consequence, a more sophisticated network monitoring tool is desired in order to prevent an enterprise network from malware attacks, to maintain its availability as high as possible at any time, and to maintain the network's healthiness. This chapter offers a development of real-time network monitoring tool platform. The research component of this chapter attempts to answer the challenges of making the monitoring tool become smarter and more accurate by applying artificial intelligence techniques. In addition, a research on buffering techniques to speed up the traffic data acquisition process and micro-controller unit design for sensor-based applications are also carried out. In the development component, some ground works has already been done such as network traffic packets capturing modules, and packets decoding modules. The system development uses Java Eclipse platform.

Keywords :IOT, Network Monitoring, Real Time Monitoring

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​​​​​Video Recorded Lectures as a Supplementary Resource in Teaching Electrical and Electronic Circuits: Students’ Perception and Instructor’s Insights

Authors :Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :Video recording of active classroom lectures in two courses; electric circuits II and Microelectronics I were made available to third-year computer engineering classes for use as a supplementary resource. The videos were recorded and edited by the instructor himself using special video software. Lectures were conducted using smart board and a smart board software. This technique was found to appeal to computer engineering students and was shown to be effective regardless of a student’s academic level. Students resorted to this resource in reviewing the material, in solving homework assignments, and in preparing for the exams. Based on students’ feedback using a survey questionnaire and the instructor’s notes, the videos proved to be as a valuable resource that can support the traditional in-classroom instruction. It was also found to be effective in overcoming some English related obstacles to teaching-learning process such as difficulties in notes taking, diffculties in text book review and difficulties in dealing with English terms.

Keywords :computer engineering; video recorded lectures; multimedia learning;

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​​​​​Adaptive modulation and coding selection mechanisms for single-cell LTE broadcasting in enterprise network

Authors :Mohammed Algharem, Mohd. Hasbullah Omar, Deris Stiawan, Ismat Aldmour and Rahmat Budiarto ​

Abstract :LTE broadcast or evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) enables operators to efficiently launch media services over LTE to meet mobile users' demand on multimedia services. This paper introduces two mechanisms that use the standard deviation (StD) of eMBMS user's modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level group operated on single cell mode to select its optimal MCS level efficiently. Typically, MCS level is selected on the basis of users' worst channel condition, which results in wasting network resources. Since the eMBMS performance directly depends on the selected MCS level, an efficient adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme is essentially needed. The proposed mechanisms are simulated using LTE simulator, and the results show that the proposed mechanisms increase the eMBMS performance in terms of throughput, delay and packet loss ratio, compared to the worst channel gain and averaging mechanisms.

Keywords :enterprise networks, LTE, evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service, eMBMS, modulation and coding scheme, MCS, spectrum efficiency, adaptive modulation and coding, AMC

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CAPACITY BOUNDS ANALYSIS OF SWITCHED BEAM SMART ANTENNAS UNDER CDMA

Authors :Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :Capacity and coverage represent, in addition to QoS, the three main requirements for W-CDMA based 3G mobile communication systems. These are conflicting requirements; i.e., optimizing one will be on the account of the other two. All three, however, depend largely on the interference levels in the system. Improvements on interference are thought to have a decisive effect on the performance of the 3G system and one important interference reduction technique is the utilization of smart antennae. In this paper, we analyze capacity/coverage on the uplink in W-CDMA system utilizing switched beam smart antennae, SBSA, using a simple model of the antenna, while satisfying a certain minimum level of QoS. Limits imposed by both interference from others and the limited uplink power available to any user in the cell are considered. Results of this paper are analytical formulae for capacity/coverage that take into consideration many of the important parameters of either the antennae or the WCDMA system. A sectional view of improvement gains, if any, of either capacity or coverage upon antenna upgrading/downgrading is provided. It is shown that improvements by the directional SBSA of either capacity or coverage, are only attained at high interference conditions; i.e., higher number of users when considering coverage improvement or smaller coverage areas when considering capacity. The higher the interference conditions are the higher gain over side lobes or more beams SBSA are needed to attain improvement.

Keywords :WCDMA, Smart Antenna, Interference, Capacity,Coverage

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​​​​​Social Networks as Effective Students-Instructor Communication and Collaboration Tool: Case Study of Computer Engineering Students

Authors :Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :The instructor of third-year computer engineering students resorted to the use of social networks (WhatsApp group) as a supplementary method of communicating with the students outside lecture times. The group was used by the instructor to make announcements, reminders and to comment on or answer students’ questions. The group was used by the students to ask questions and to communicate with the instructor to provide feedback on difficulties and other issues. They also resorted to direct communication with the instructor to discuss their own difficulties privately. Assessment was carried out using students’ feedback through a survey questionnaire together with the instructor’s insights and notes. This method of communication was found to appeal to the students and was shown to have different positive impacts. The method proved to be a valuable communication tool that can support the traditional office meetings.

Keywords :computer engineering; social networks; effective communication

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Vulnerability Analysis of a Mutual Authentication Protocol Conforming to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 Standard

Authors :M. Naser, I. Aldmour, R. Budiarto and P. Peris-Lopez ​

Abstract :In this paper we scrutinize the security properties of an RFID authentication protocol conforming to the EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard. The protocol is suitable for Gen- 2 passive tags and requires simple computations. The authors claim that the scheme provides privacy protection and authentication and offers resistant against commonly assumed attacks. We propose a de-synchronization and an impersonation attack in which the disclosing of the secret information (i.e. secret key and static identifier) shared between the tag and the reader is unnecessary to success in these attacks.

Keywords :

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Impact of Proficiency in English on the Intuitive Understanding of Computer Science Concepts

Authors :Ismat Aldmour ​

Abstract :Computer science terms like: Code, Analysis, Protocol, Encapsulation, Validation, Sampling, Model and many more are borrowed from English with their meanings slightly altered to suite computer science. This makes initial computer science acquiring more difficult for nonnative English students, while it is facilitated for students of higher English proficiency. This is sort of a transfer from language proficiency to computer science which is similar to the known concept of transfer from one language to another in new language acquisition. The paper presents a test for assessing this transfer by investigating students' understanding of selected terms in both technical and non-technical contexts. The terms were selected to represent computer science sub-concepts as defined in the literature; hence, students’ understanding of these terms in everyday non-technical uses, measures potential students’ understanding of these same terms in computer science technical uses. The test was applied on Arabic speaking students of different English proficiency and different maturity levels. It was found that the intuitive understanding of the terms in computer science improves with improved English, but no impact of maturity was found. Computer science students’ records revealed an association between computer science learning and English level which is attributed partially to this transfer.

Keywords :Computer Science Education, Language and Education, Language Transfer

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