ABSTACT

 THE SYNTACTIC GENATIVE CONSTRAINT AND ITS EFFECT ON DIRECTING QUR'ANIC SEMANTICS

By

Sa,ad A. Allah J. Meqdad

Superviser

Dr. Mahmoud Hoasni Magalsah ,Prof.

The study seeks to explain the effects of the syntactic genitive constraint in directing the Quranic semantics. I looked into the views of grammarians, commentators and lexicographers and used modern linguistic research tools represented in Transformational-Genitive Grammar in accordance Pragmatic theories.

In the course of studying this phenomenon, the genitive case was considered as a model for description and analysis which applies to the nominative and accusative cases. Therefore, the title of the research was finalized as: The Syntactic Genitive Constraint and its Effect on Directing Quranic Semantics.

The study stemmed from a theory presupposing that the syntactic constraint calls for a necessity that serves a specific semantic interest. The semantic guidelines may multiply in accordance with the image of this constraint and the divergent contextual sequences, regardless of what might happen to the meaning when the constraint is absent or the structure is changed, which leads to widening the field of interpretation.

The study aims to explore the views and opinions of scholars that reveal their interest in the Constraint and its effect on semantics. It will attempt to study their methods of controlling the effects of that constraint and give space to the researcher to favor and reconcile between the different opinions in order to Glorious the existence of that phenomenon within the folds of the precious Quran.

In order to achieve the goals of the research, the study was organized in five chapters:

Chapter one: Lexicography and Terminology of Constraint. The linguistic limit of constraint was tackled through making the field of language and lexicography a source for concluding the meaning and tracking books of Arabic syntax to arrive to an approach between linguistic and terminological meaning of constraint.

Chapter two: focused on studying the constraint of genitive and its effect on directing the Quranic semantics. It changed because it occurs between two genitive terms (the governing and the governed constructions). The chapter was organized in four stages: the first stage deals the constraint of annexation. It includes types of annexation and discusses the explicative meaning that results from this type of constraint. The second stage presents different types of genitive constraint as an interpreted infinitive and its effects in directing Quranic semantics through a transformational background. The third stage studied the annexation constraint as a whole, what could be achieved through these types when they occur as governed words and the semantics and guidelines that would result from such types. The fourth stage addressed one type of the oral simile and its effects on directing semantics. This would be represented with genitive constraint as definite and indefinite.

Chapter three: studied the phrasal constraint and its effect on directing the Quranic semantics. The chapter dealt with the definition of the phrasal sentence and its different types. It was organized in three stages. The first stage is the phrasal constraint and their effects on directing Quranic semantics. The second stage is an attempt to uncover the impact which results from the multiplication of phrasal constraints and their effects on semantics. The third dealt with phrasal constraints and its effects on directing the semantics of jurisprudential laws as another practical model, in order to show types of this constraint and their semantic interpretation.

Chapter four:  dealt with constraining by prepositional dependencies and its effect on directing the Quranic semantics. Firstly, it started with defining dependencies then showed their different types. It studied thereafter, each dependency individually to figure out its effect on directing the Quranic semantics. Based on that, it was dealt with through four stages: the first stage dealt with the adjectival constraint. The second dealt with the affirmative constraint. The third dealt with the conjunctive constraint which falls in two categories: constraint of coordinating conjunctions and the fourth apposition constraint.

Chapter five: studied the separation of dependencies and its effect on directing the Quranic semantics. The chapter addressed the definition of separation and the possibility of achieving it, specifically within the dependencies. Then it showed the effect of the multiplication of the types of parsing on directing the Quranic semantics.

Finally, the study concluded with the outcomes of the research followed by a list of references and resources that were used.

Outcomes of the study

In the context of expressing the distinct functions of the supplement or, for instance, in their explanation of the annexation concepts, grammarians used the linguistic meaning of constraint but not the terminological one. This is due to their implicit perception of the concept of constraint without the need for drawing a special term for it. Therefore, terminological theorization was absent in their perception.

The annexation constraining correlates between the governing and the governed constructions. The governed construction must serve a meaning interest due to this annexation so that the governing construction would benefit from the governed in terms of identification and specification.

The observation and analysis showed a noticeable type of phrasal sentence multiplication which is linked to one or more attachments. The effect of these types is seen in increasing constraint and clarification of the attachment in order to remove any confusion and ambiguity.

Constraining by prepositional dependencies stood as a model of directing the Quranic semantics. The achieved effect of these constraints is either to specify the dependencies and clarify them as in the case of adjectives or to confirm something in the mind and remove possibilities.