Transcriptome Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Following the Exposure to Malaysian Stingless Bee Honey
Authors : Nesrin Seder, Mohd Hilmi Abu Bakar, and Walid Salem Abu Rayyan
Abstract : Introduction: Malaysian stingless bee honey (Trigona) has been aroused as a potential antimicrobial compound with antibiofilm activity. The capability of the gram-negative Bacillus P. aeruginosa to sustain a fatal infection is encoded in the bacterium genome. Methods: In the current study, a transcriptome investigation was performed to explore the mechanism underlying the biofilm dispersal of P. aeruginosa after the exposure to Trigona honey. Results: Microarray analysis of the Pseudomonas biofilm treated by 20% Trigona honey has revealed a down-regulation of 3478 genes among the 6085 screened genes. Specifically, around 13.5% of the down-regulated genes were biofilm-associated genes. The mapping of the biofilm-associated pathways has shown an ultimate decrease in the expression levels of the D-GMP signaling pathway and diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) genes responsible for c-diGMP formation. Conclusion: We predominantly report the lowering of c-di-GMP through the down regulation of DGC genes as the main mechanism of biofilm inhibition by Trigona honey.
Keywords : Pseudomonas, biofilm, stingless bee, Trigona, microarray, D-GMP
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Phytochemical Investigation, Comparison and Characterization Study of Malaysian Stingless Bee Honey versus Jordanian Honey by LC-MS/MS
Authors : Nesrin Seder, Walid A.Rayyan, Wael A.Dayyih, Mohammad A. Al-Natour, and Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi
Abstract : Phytochemical studies have revealed more than 200 distinct polyphenolic compounds present in honey alone. Stingless bee honey (Trigona honey) is naturally found in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aims to interrogate the physical parameters, polyphenolic content, and antioxidant characteristics of Malaysian Trigona honey in comparison with Apis honey (Centaurea hyalolepis)and Citrus honey from Jordan. The three honey types were subjected to phytochemical and chromatographic analysis to explore the differences in honey composition related to bees type and geographical location. The total phenolic content ranged between 288.09 and 663.19 mg GAE/kg of honey in the three honey types. Trigona honey had the highest phenolic content (663.19 mgGAE/kg) followed by Centaurea hyalolepis honey (471.87 mgGAE/kg), both of which were higher than Citrus honey (288.09 mgGAE/kg). Trigona honey showed an IC50 of 61.042 ± 0.45 mg/mL, whereas, Centaurea hyalolepis honey and Citrus honey had IC50 of 120.29 ± 1.64 mg/mL and 129.51 ± 4.3 mg/mL, respectively. Statistical analysis has revealed a significant negative correlation between the IC50 value for the three honey samples and the concentration of polyphenols (p≤0.001). Chromatographic analysis using LC-MS/MS showed a 28 and 42-fold difference in the polyphenolic content in Trigona over C. hyalolepis and Citrus honey, respectively. In conclusion, the diversity in the polyphenols contents and the high amounts of phytochemical compounds found in Trigona honey confers the antioxidant activity and there is no unique compound responsible for such activity over C. hyalolepis and Citrus honey.
Keywords : Trigona honey, Phytochemical, LC-MS/MS, Polyphenols, Jordan.
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Wound healing, antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity for Jordanian Juglans Regia L. unripe fruits
Authors : Afaf H. Al-Nadaf, Nesrin J. Seder, and Walid Abu Rayyan
Abstract : The present study, attempts to evaluate extraction efficiency of unripe fruit of J. regia in Jordan using different solvents with soxhlet and microwave extraction methods. We used five different types of solvents according to their increase in polarity to cover a wide range of phytochemical products. We examined the presence of some secondary metabolites as Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins, and Alkaloids, as well as total phenols. Our results showed a higher efficiency for the microwave extraction method over the soxhlet extraction method in terms of higher yield amount and less time and solvents consuming. Water usage as an extraction solvent has generated the highest yield amount of 1.3 g in the defatted J. regia using microwave methods, whereas, the highest concentration of total phenols was demonstrated in the ethyl acetate extract of J. regia. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, the ethyl acetate extract of J. regia showed a significant MIC inhibition concentration of 0.85 mg/ml against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis. The healing activity of the ethyl acetate extract was as good as the reference drug (Baneocin) and even the ethyl acetate had an increase of 5% (P˂ 0.05) than reference drug.
Keywords : Juglans regia L, Unripe fruit, Wound healing, Microwave extraction, Antioxidant.
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The Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Pergularia Tomentosa in North East Kingdom of Saudi Arabia KSA
Authors : Walid Abu Rayyan, Sami A. G. Alshammari, Abdulaziz M. F. AL-Sammary, Mutab S. S. ALShammari, Nisreen Seder, Luay F. Abu-Qatouseh, Muna Bostami, Kenza Mansoor, Mohammed F. Hamad, Ibrahim AlMajali and Wael Abu Dayyih
Abstract : The increment in numbers of antimicrobial resistant strains along with the scarcity of new targets for drug industry has forced scientists to investigate deeply in the natural resources for new compounds with antimicrobial activity. Pergularia tomentosa is a member of the Apocynaceae family found in a wide geographical region including the Gulf region, Africa, and the Middle East. It is used as a remedy for the treatment of skin sores, asthma, and bronchitis. Dried plants of Pergularia tomentosa were subjected to extraction by using a Soxhlet extractor process to obtain essential oil and characterized by HPLC- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms by well diffusion method and confirmed by microdilution method. Additionally, we measured the antioxidant activity of the extracts using DPPH reagent. Phytochemical analysis has revealed variation in compositions and concentrations of P. tomentosa constituents grown in Hail from other agricultural regions. The lowest MIC was recorded with ethyl acetate extract MIC of 6.25 mg/ml against S. typhi, whereas, the ethanolic extract had the broadest effective against the five strains with a MIC of 25 mg/ml. In conclusion, we summarize a variation between the phytochemical constituents of P. tomentosa plants grown in the district of Hail and other geographical regions. In addition, there are several natural phytocompounds with an antimicrobial activity could be a good target for the antimicrobial and antioxidants industry.
Keywords : Antimicrobial; Antioxidants; HPLC-MS; Pergularia Tomentosa; Phytochemical.
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The Role of Glutamine-Rich Region of Candida Albicans Tec1p in Mediating Morphological Transition and Invasive Growth
Authors : W. Abu Rayyan, A. Singh, A. M. Al-Jaafreh, W. Abu Dayyih, M. Bustami, S. Salem, N. Seder, K. Schröppel
Abstract : Hyphal growth and the transcriptional regulation to the host environment are key issues during the pathogenesis of C. albicans. Tec1p is the C. albicans homolog of a TEA transcription factor family, which share a conserved DNA-binding TEA domain in their N-terminal. In order to define a structure-function relationship of the C. albicans Tec1p protein, we constructed several mutations on the N terminal, C terminal or in the TEA binding domain itself by homologous recombination technology. The modifications in the open reading frame of TEC1 were tested for reconstitution of the morphogenetic development of the tec1/tec1 mutant strain CaAS12. Mutation in the TEA consensus sequence did not confer transition to hyphae whereas the reconstitution of the full-length Tec1p has reconstituted hyphal development. A deletion in one of glutaminerich regions either in the Tec1p N-terminal or the C-terminal in regions of 53-212 or 637–744 aa, respectively, did not restore morphological development in mutant CaAS12 strain. Whereas, the reconstitution with Tec1p mutants other than the glutamate-rich region has restored the morphogenetic switch. Additionally, the deletion of the glutamine-rich region has attenuated the invasive growth and the heat shock resistance of C. albicans. In conclusion, we show that a glutamine-rich region of Tec1p is essential for the hyphal development and mediating adaptation to the host environment of C. albicans.
Keywords : Candida albicans, transcription factor, TEA domain, hyphal formation, morphogenetic development, TEC1, Tet-induced.
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Analytical and Comparative Study About the Impact of Lead Homeostasis on Cardiovascular Disorders in Humans
Authors : Eyad Mallah, Walid Abu Rayyan, Wael Abu Dayyih, Ibrahim S. Al-Majali, Haitham Qaralleh, Osama Yosef Al- Thunibat, Nisreen Seder, Mona Bustami, Luay Abu Qatoosah and Tawfiq Arafat
Abstract : World health organization reported cardiovascular disease as the first cause of mortality for five consecutive years of 2010-2014. Smoking is an exogenous source of metals contamination in the human body and attributed to 12% of all deaths among adults aged over 30 years. This is the first study carried out to elucidate the contribution of the personal habits as smoking and the physiological process as aging on lead homeostasis and deposition in different storage sites of the human body especially on the cardiovascular system in Jordanian cadavers. 120 biological samples (coronary artery, ribs, and blood) were obtained from 40 Jordanian cadavers passed away in car accidents aged between 8 and 97. Samples were analyzed for lead levels using graphite atomic absorption. Mean lead concentrations for coronary artery (C-Pb), ribs (R-Pb) and blood (B-Pb) were 3.01 µg/g, 2.71 µg/g and 5.96 µg/dl, respectively. A significant correlation was demonstrated between both B-Pb and C-Pb levels (r= 0.273 P<0.05). A significant increment was demonstrated in lead levels in grade I and II of the atherosclerotic coronary arteries, whereas, there was no significance in the increase of lead levels in grades III, VI, and V. Duncan's test showed a significant correlation in levels of B-Pb and C-Pb with smoking and age. Eventually, lead intoxication emits an initiation effect on the endpoint cardiovascular disorders even though the blood lead levels were within recommended exposure range but still these levels are conveying deleterious side effects on the cardiovascular system.
Keywords : Atomic Absorption Cadavers; Coronary; Jordan; Ribs; Lead
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