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الأبحاث

Research Title : Physiological effect of Ephedra Viridis as Antibacterial and Antidiabetic in Normal and Diabetic Rats

Authors :Abdulrahim Aljamal, Mahmoud Al Shawabkeh, Taha Alqadi3 , Sajeda Albarri and Abdallah Ibrahim

Abstract :The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Ephedra viridis in normal and diabetic rats with antibacterial activities. Methods 40 male albino rats weighing between 200 and 240 gm were included in this study streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 Normal control group,Group 2 Normal rats treated with Ephedra viridis,Group 3 Diabetic rats and Group 4 Diabetic rats treated with Ephedra viridis.. These groups tested for oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1C and lipids profile. The Results were significant in the group 4 for oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1C also showed significant difference in lipids profile. Also Antibacterial Activities showed inhibited both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Conclusion the Ephedra viridis showed significant effect in diabetic hyperlipidemia rats and antibacterial activities

Keywords : Antibacterial, Ephedra viridis, HbA1C, lipid. (OGTT), Streptozoto

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Research Title : Newcastle Disease virus combined with methylene blue photodynamic therapy and reduces breast cancer growth in a mouse model

Authors : Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari, Ahmed Salim Kadhim Al-Khafaji, Marwa Ibrahim Salman, and Abdallah Ibrahim

Abstract :BACKGROUND: Targeting breast cancer cell proliferation and inducing cancer cell killing is an effective approach to cancer therapy. Our team previously reported that the oncolytic Newcastle disease virus induces breast cancer cell death and interferes with tumor angiogenesis as one of its many antitumor mechanisms. Photodynamic therapy is an approved cancer therapy that shows a destructive effect on tumor microvessels. In the current study, we assessed the activity of PDT in combination with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) against transplanted mammary adenocarcinoma tumors in mice. METHODS: Using low-power He-Ne laser, the effect of Methylene blue (MB)-sensitized PDT on the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy of the attenuated Iraqi strain (AMHA1) of NDV was investigated against subcutaneously implanted murine AN3 mammary adenocarcinoma allografts in immunocompetent mice. The laser irradiation dose of 28 J/cm2 was locally applied on each mice tumor injected and non-injected with 31.6 mM of MB. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by monitoring tumor growth inhibition. The effects of combined treatment on tumor growth and the angiogenesis process were investigated using microarray analysis of proliferation and angiogenesis factors and histological analysis. RESULTS: The He-Ne-based PDT+NDV combination treatment inhibited tumor growth compared to either monotherapy with a significant necrosis and a significant decrease in tumor growth sheet. After 20 days of NDV, one single injection showed a difference in the expression status of angiogenesis factors expression status between the treatment groups showing different response patterns. All treatment modalities reduce bFGF significantly; nevertheless, PDT +NDV diminished this factor in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION: Our findings prove the effectiveness of He-Ne based PDT in improving intratumoral replication of NDV and, therefore, augmenting their therapeutic efficacy

Keywords : photodynamic therapy; oncolytic viruses; tumor vasculature

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Research Title : RARE OCCURRENCE OF MUPIROCIN RESISTANCE AMONG CLINICAL STAPHYLOCOCCUS ISOLATES IN JORDAN

Authors :Amin Aqel, Abdallah Ibrahim and Asem Shehabi

Abstract :Staphylococcal infections have high occurrence in Jordanian patients. This study was carried out to determine the rates of high- and low-level mupirocin resistance (MupH and MupL) among staphylococci with the molecular characterization. Two hundred and thirty-two non-duplicate Staphylococcus spp. isolated from different clinical specimens were tested for mupirocin susceptibility using disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Resistance genes and clone relatedness was studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers (Eric-PCR) for the latter. Plasmid curing was performed to determine the genetic location of MupA gene. Among the 232 strains, 144 (62%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 33 (14.2%) methicillin- susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and 55 (23.7%) were of other coagulase- negative Staphylococcus spp. (CoNS). Of all strains tested, only 6 (2.6%) were mupirocin resistant. MecA gene was detected in both MupL and MupH strains but MupA gene was only detected in MupH. Plasmid curing improved the plasmidic location of MupA gene. Molecular typing by Eric-PCR method revealed heterogenicity of the genetic make up of our MupL and MupH strains. Staphylococci with MupA-carrying genes are present in Jordanian hospitals, but thank to the limited use of mupirocin, they remain rare

Keywords :MRSA, Mupirocin, MupA, Jordan

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Research Title :Inhibitory Effect of Mediterranean Sage and Rosemary on Clinical and Community Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Authors :Hamed M. Alzoubi, Abdallah I. Ibrahim, Mohammed S. Alsbou and Amin A. Aqel

Abstract :Plant extracts are traditionally used for treating many infectious and non- infectious diseases. This study aimed at assessing the inhibitory effect of the ethanol extracts of two medicinal plants; Mediterranean Sage (Salvia libanotica) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on clinical and community strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Ethanol extracts of the two plants were tested for their antibacterial effect against 25 clinical (n=15, 60%) and community (n=10, 40%) strains of MRSA. Rosemary and Mediterranean Sage extracts demonstrated activity against all isolates, 50μl of 100 mg/ml of each plant extract yielded inhibition zone reaching as high as 27 and 30 mm by agar well diffusion method. Effective MICs and MBCs of ethanol extracts of Rosemary and Mediterranean Sage against MRSA were 0.125 to 0.5mg/ml and0.25 to 1 mg/ml respectively. Mixed ethanol extract of Rosemary and Mediterranean Sage showed antagonistic effect on MRSA strains. These results suggest the potential therapeutic implications of the ethanol extract from Rosemary and Mediterranean sage in the treatment of MRSA infections