عبير عضايله

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الأبحاث

Optical Properties of ZnO/PVC Composites

Authors : Abeer D. Adaileh

Abstract : The optical properties of prepared ZnO/PVC composites with different concentration: 0, 2, 6, 9 wt.% of ZnO have been investigated. The optical spectra were obtained in the UV wavelength range (400-800 nm) using a spectrophotometer. The absorption coefficient and the optical Energy gap (Eopt) have been opt obtained from indirect allowed electron transitions in k-space at room temperature. The tail widths of localized states in the band gap (E) were evaluated using the Urbach-edges method. It was found that both E and Eopt vary with the concentration of ZnO in the composite

Keywords : ZnO, PVC Composites, Energy gap, Electron transitions

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DIELECTRIC AND AC CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYSTYRENE/OIL SHALE COMPOSITES

Authors : Husam Miqdad And Abeer Adaileh

Abstract : The electrical properties of prepared polystyrene/oil shale composites with different concentration: 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 wt. % of oil shale were studied in this paper, under various measuring conditions including filler content and applied electric field frequency. The dependence of AC-electrical properties of polystyrene/oil shale composites on filler content and frequency were studied using the AC impedance technique. The impedance measurements were performed in the frequency range (100 kHz - 1.5 MHz) at room temperature (30oC). Impedance, dielectric constant and AC-conductivity showed frequency and filler content dependencies. The relaxation time was determined for different filler concentrations .The study includes application of some models to explain the observed results. The universal power law of the AC conductivity behaviour is satisfied for different concentration.

Keywords : oil shale, composites, impedance, dielectric constant, AC conductivity

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EFFECT OF TEMPRETURE AND FREQUENCY ON THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITE CONTAINING OIL SHALE PARTICLES

Authors : Abeer Adaileh And Husam Miqdad

Abstract : The electrical properties of prepared oil shale/polystyrene composites with concentration 30 wt. % of oil shale were studied in this paper, under various measuring conditions including temperature and applied electric field frequency. The dependence of AC-electrical properties of oil shale/polystyrene composites on frequency and temperature were studied using the AC impedance technique. The impedance measurements were performed in the frequency range (100 kHz - 1.5 MHz) and its thermal behavior was studied within the temperature range (30ºC - 90ºC). Impedance, dielectric constant and AC-conductivity showed frequency and temperature dependencies. The relaxation time was determined as a function of temperature. The study includes application of some models to explain the observed results. The universal power law of the AC conductivity behaviour is satisfied for a certain concentration and at different temperatures.

Keywords : oil shale, composites, impedance, dielectric constant, AC conductivity

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Electrical properties of oil shale/polystyrene composites

Authors : Abeer Adaileh and Awwad Zihlif

Abstract : The dielectric and AC conductivity of oil shale/polystyrene composites were studied as a function of frequency, temperature, and oil shale concentration through impedance measurements. It was found that the AC conductivity and the dielectric constant increase by increasing the applied frequency, temperature, and oil shale content in the composites. The activation energy and relaxation time of the thermally electrical conduction were determined. The dielectric behavior of the prepared composites was mainly attributed to the dielectric properties of the oil shale filler. The observed increase in the AC conductivity was mainly produced from the carbon content and metallic impurities existing in the composites. Fitting of the measured AC-electrical quantities through some theoretical models was satisfactory.

Keywords : Oil shale, composites, impedance, dielectric constant, AC conductivity

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Optical and thermal properties of oil shale/polystyrene composites

Authors : A.D. Adaileh , A.M. Zihlif and G. Ragosta

Abstract : The optical and thermal properties of polymer composites having a matrix of polystyrene and oil shale as filler with different concentrations have been investigated. The optical spectra were obtained in the UV wavelength range (300–800 nm) using a spectrophotometer. The absorption coefficient and the optical energy gap (Eopt) have been obtained from direct allowed electron transitions in k-space at room temperature. The tail widths of localized states in the band gap ∆E were evaluated using the Urbach-edges method. It was found that both Eopt and ∆E vary with the concentration of oil shale in the composite. The thermal conductivity of the prepared oil shale/polystyrene composites has been studied as a function of temperature and oil shale content. It was found that the thermal conductivity increases with temperature and oil shale concentration.

Keywords : oil shale, polystyrene, composites, absorption, energy gap, thermal conductivit

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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF PEO/ALUM COMPOSITE DOPANT WITH CARBON BLACK NANOPARTICLES AT T=40 O C

Authors : Husam Miqdad And Abeer Adaileh

Abstract : Electrical properties of the prepared polymer films, made of poly (ethylene oxide)(PEO) filled with electrolyte alum salt of different concentrations, and doped with conductive carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (0.1 wt%), have been investigated. Electrical properties were studied as a function of filler content and applied field frequency at T=40 0C. The observed physical constants of the casted thin films like AC conductivity, phase angle, impedance, dielectric constant, and electric modulus were determined. It was found that these measured quantities vary with the alum content and applied field frequency. The AC conductivity (ac) increases with increasing alum concentration and frequency. The dielectric constant (') and the dielectric loss (") of the composites decrease with frequency and increase with alum concentration. The dependence of the electric modulus on frequency exhibit a relaxation peak occurs at 500 kHz.

Keywords : PEO, CB, AC conductivity, dielectric, electric modulus

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Effect of Potassium Alum Salt Particles on the Activation Energy of Poly(ethylene oxide) Doped with Conductive Carbon Black (CB) Nanoparticles

Authors : ABEER ADAILEH, MOHAMMED AL-TWEISSI, HUSAM MIQDAD

Abstract : The electrical properties of conductive carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (0.1wt percent) doped thin films made of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) filled with varying amounts of the electrolyte potassium alum salt and doped with conductive carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (0.1wt percent) have been investigated. The dependence of the activation energy of the composites on frequency, temperature, and filler content was studied using the AC impedance technique. The current research looked at how activation energy changed with frequency (200-1000 kHz) and temperature (30-55oC) for composites with varied potassium alum salt concentrations: 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wt. percent. The activation energy (Ea) values measured exhibited frequency, temperature, and filler content relationships. According to polarization processes, the activation energy of the produced sheets decreases with the potassium alum salt content in the composite and decreases with the temperature. With increasing frequency, the activation energy of the produced thin films decreases.

Keywords : poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO), CB, potassium alum, activation energy, frequency, temperature

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EFFECT OF OIL SHALE PARTICLES ON THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF POLYSTYRENE SHEETS

Authors : Husam Miqdad and Abeer Adaileh

Abstract : Electrical properties of hybrid polymer sheets, made of Polystyrene filled with oil shale particles, have been investigated. The observed physical constants of the sheets like activation energy were determined. The present study has focused on the variation of activation energy with frequency in the range (200-1000 kHz) and temperature in the range (30 oC-90 oC) for composites as compared to that case of neat polystyrene sample. The observed values of the activation energy (Ea) showed frequency and temperature. It was found that the activation energy of the prepared sheets decreases with oil shale concentration in the composite and that it decreases with temperature according to polarization processes. The activation energy of the prepared sheets increases with frequency.

Keywords : polystyrene, oil shale, activation energy, frequency, temperature

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OPTICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY/ SILICA COMPOSITES

Authors : Husam Miqdad and Abeer Adaileh

Abstract : The optical and thermal properties of prepared epoxy/silica composites with different concentration were studied. The optical properties were studied in the UV-visible wavelength range (400-800 nm). Thermal properties were studied as a function of temperature and filler content. The observed physical constants of the thin films like optical energy gap, energy gap tails, thermal conductivity, and thermal resistivity were determined. It was found that these measured quantities vary with the incident UV-wavelength, silica content, and temperature. The absorption coefficient and the optical band energy gap (Eopt) have been obtained from non-direct allowed transitions in k-space at room temperature. The width of the tails of localized states in the band gap (ΔE) was evaluated using the Urbach-edges method. It was found that both (Eopt) and (ΔE) vary with the concentration of silica in the composite. The thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity of epoxy/silica composite have been studied as a function of temperature. It was found that the thermal conductivity increases with temperature and silica concentration

Keywords : epoxy, silica, optical, energy gap, thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity

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Research Title :Development of Cu-ZnO ZrO2 based polyacrylonitrile polymer composites for removing pharmaceutical pollutants and heavy metals from wastewater

Authors :Adaileh A, Ragab A.H., Taher M.A., Gumaah N.F., Ahmad I.A., Selim H, Mubarak MF

Abstract :A new poly acrylonitrile polymer composite incorporating Cu-ZnO/ZrO2 was created and tested for its capacity to remove heavy metalsPb(II), Cd(II) and pharmaceutical pollutants (sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen) from water using a combined approach of photocatalytic degradation and adsorption. The composite was fabricated by embedding copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) within a ZnO/ZrO2nanocomposite structure, supported by poly acrylonitrilepolymer. Material characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and UV-Vis DRS techniques, showing a notable specific surface area of synthesized composite about 156 m²/g, pore size of 18.4 nm, and evenly dispersed nanoparticles measuring 20 to 30 nm on average. Under visible light exposure, the composite demonstrated photo-oxidation efficiencies of 85% for Pb(II) and 80% for Cd(II) within 120 min, with starting concentrations of 50 mg/L. For pharmaceutical contaminants, degradation rates reached 88% for ibuprofen and 90% for sulfamethoxazole under similar conditions. Adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorption capacities of 36.0 mg/g for both Pb(II) and Cd(II). Pharmaceutical pollutants showed lower adsorption capacities, with qmax values of 30.0 mg/g for sulfamethoxazole and 28.0 mg/g for ibuprofen. Kinetic studies indicated that the degradation process followed a pseudo-second-order model (R² > 0.98), and the composite retained 85% of its photocatalytic activity after five reuse cycles. These results highlight the prepared composite has high efficiency and sustainability in eliminating both heavy metals and organic pollutants from aqueous environments

Keywords : Adsorption; Cu-ZnO/ZrO2; Kinetics; Pharmaceutical degradation; Polyacrylonitrile

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Research Title :A Comparative Study of GO/TiO2/SiO2 Catalysts for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Phenolic Compounds

Authors : Adaileh, A., Abu-Rayyan, A., Khasawneh, A., and Alahmad, W

Abstract :This study scrutinizes the photodegradation efficacy of Methylene Blue (MB) and selected phenolic compounds, emphasizing variables such as pH, catalyst dosage, and initial pollutant concentration. Employing a GO/TiO₂/SiO₂ composite (NC-II) composed of 50:50% TiO₂ and SiO₂, the research identifies NC-II as the optimal catalyst, achieving up to 100% degradation of MB under ideal conditions (0.5 ppm initial concentration, pH 10). For MB degradation, maximal rates were recorded under alkaline conditions (pH 8–10), with NC-II reaching up to 84.6% degradation at pH 10, surpassing the 46.5% observed for NC-I and 37.7% for NC-III at the same pH level. Results also indicate that an increase in catalyst dosage up to 0.3 g enhances degradation rates, with NC-II achieving 63.7% degradation at this dosage, in contrast to 17.8% for NC-I and 53.1% for NC-III. In the case of phenolic compounds, degradation efficiencies varied between 55% and 86%, with NC-III demonstrating the highest photodegradation capability, achieving up to 86% degradation for Bisphenol A at a 0.3 g dosage. The degradation of 4-chlorophenol and phenol was more pronounced at a neutral pH (5–6), with zero-order kinetics producing superior regression coefficients (R² = 0.91–0.99) compared to pseudo-first-order models. Moreover, NC-II maintained over 80% degradation efficiency across five reusability cycles, underscoring its durability and minimal decline in performance. This study substantiates the efficacy of TiO₂:SiO₂ composites as cost-effective, high-performance catalysts suitable for diverse environmental conditions, where adjustments in pH and catalyst dosage can further refine photodegradation efficiency across different pollutant types

Keywords : Bisphenol A, 4- Chlorophenol, Sol-Gel, Kinetics, photo-removal, Recycle

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Research Title :Development of a Double-Shelled Nanocomposite of Activated Carbon-Nanocellulose with Cationic Metal Oxide Core for Enhanced Adsorption of Bicarbonate from Underground Water

Authors :Adaileh, A., Ragab, A., Taher, M., Gumaah, N., Soliman, M., Taha, A., and Mubarak, M

Abstract :In this study, a novel double-shelled nanocomposite was fabricated, consisting of an outer shell of activated carbon (AC) and nanocellulose (NC), and a core of cationic metal oxide nanoparticles (MOs), specifically potassium titanate (K2Ti6O13). The composite was designed for the efficient adsorption of bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions from underground water. The synthesis involved a two-step process: first, nanocellulose was extracted from rice straw, followed by its functionalization with activated carbon. Subsequently, potassium titanate nanoparticles were incorporated as the core through in-situ precipitation and electrostatic assembly techniques. Characterization of the synthesized AC-nanocellulose/MO nanocomposite was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM analysis confirmed the uniform double-shell structure with a core size of ~100 nm. XRD revealed well-crystallized potassium titanate phases, and FTIR indicated successful bonding between nanocellulose, activated carbon, and metal oxide. The adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite for bicarbonate was investigated through batch adsorption experiments. The optimal adsorption conditions were found at pH 7.5, a contact time of 60 minutes, and a temperature of 25°C. The nanocomposite exhibited a high bicarbonate removal efficiency of 80 % at an initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacity (q max) was determined to be 145 mg/g according to the Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, the kinetic data were well-fitted to a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the primary mechanism. This double-shelled nanocomposite demonstrates promising potential for use in water treatment processes, particularly for bicarbonate removal from underground water sources

Keywords :Activated carbon; Nanocellulose; Potassium titanate; Bicarbonate adsorption; Water treatment; Adsorption isotherms

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Research Title :Eco Friendly Alginate Coated Nano Iron Oxide Graphene Oxide Nano-composite for High Performance Adsorption and Photocatalytic Detoxifcation of Harmful Dyes in Wastewater Treatment

Authors : Mubarak, M., Adaileh, A., Ahmed, I., Ali, M., and Hemdan. M

Abstract :This research presents the development of an innovative and eco-friendly composite material, Alginate-Coated Nano Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide (Alg-Fe3O4@GO), designed to enhance the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of cationic dyes in wastewater treatment. The composite combines the biocompatibility of alginate with the high surface area and photocatalytic properties of graphene oxide and nano iron oxide. A comprehensive evaluation of the Alg-Fe3O4@GO composite was conducted to assess its efficiency in removing Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG) from aqueous solutions. Characterization techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), confirmed its structural and functional properties. BET analysis indicated a significant surface area of 317.8 m2 /g, suggesting substantial adsorption capacity. Adsorption experiments revealed a maximum capacity of 163.8 mg/g for MB, achieving a removal efficiency of 98.5%, and 107.5 mg/g for MG, with a removal efficiency of 90.8% after 240 min of contact time at an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L for both dyes. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed the Pseudo-Second Order model (R2 > 0.99 for both dyes), while equilibrium data ftted well with the Langmuir Isotherm Model, indicating monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic, with enthalpy changes of ΔH° = +25.33 kJ/mol for MB and ΔH° = +20.83 kJ/mol for MG, alongside a spontaneous nature (ΔG° < 0). Photocatalytic tests under visible light showed dye degradation efficiencies of 85.0% for MB and 78.0% for MG within 120 min. The composite retained over 85% of its initial adsorption capacity after six regeneration cycles, underscoring its potential as a sustainable, high-performance material for wastewater treatment

Keywords :Alginate composites · Adsorption · Photocatalytic degradation · Cationic dyes · Wastewater treatment

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Research Title :Development of a novel composite membrane combining polystyrene, polypyrrole, and salian for enhanced scaling prevention in water filtration applications

Authors :Adaileh, A., Ragab, A., Taher, M., Afridi, M., Awad, M., Elfiky, A., Selim, H., El-Sayed, E., and Mubarak, M

Abstract :A novel composite membrane, comprising polystyrene, polypyrrole, and salian (PSPPY-Sa), was developed through the electro spinning technique to enhance scaling inhibition in water filtration systems. The characterization of the membrane was conducted using FTIR, XRD, and TGA measurements. An extensive study was performed to evaluate the impact of varying salian loadings, ranging from 0 to 20 weight percent, on both the morphological properties and the scaling inhibition performance. To evaluate the anti-scaling properties of the membrane, accelerated scaling tests were performed with a 2000 ppm CaSO4 solution, filtering a synthetic scaling solution. Morphological assessments revealed a uniform distribution of salian microdomains across the fibrous surface of the PSPPY-Sa membrane. Notably, the incorporation of salian at 20% loading achieved a 95% reduction in scale formation, demonstrating superior performance compared to pristine or singly modified membranes. The PSPPY-Sa membrane also demonstrated remarkable thermal stability, underscoring its potential for effective scaling inhibition in water filtration applications

Keywords : novel composite membrane, comprising polystyrene, poly pyrrole, salian. electro spinning, water filtration, multifunctional membranes

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Research Title :Determination of Lorenz number of composite films based on copper chloride (II) in polyvinyl alcohol matrix

Authors :Tweissi, M. Khoshman, J. M., Miqdad, H. and Adaileh A

Abstract :The electrical and thermal conductivities as well as Lorenz number of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites have been investigated at different concentrations of the copper chloride II (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 12 wt.%). The powder of copper chloride II (CuCl2) was casted with the PVA polymer1. The electrical conductivity was measured by using the impedance technique, and it was studied as functions of the CuCl2 concentrations, applied frequency range of 100–7000 kHz, and temperature range of 30–100 °C. The activation energy (Ea) was also determined for all the studied samples at applied frequency of 1000 kHz. It was found that the Ea decreased with increasing the CuCl2 concentration. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of the samples was studied as functions of the CuCl2 concentration and temperature. It was found that the thermal conductivity increased with increasing the CuCl2 concentrations and temperature. Using the measured values of the thermal and electrical conductivities of the studied samples, the relationship between the Lorenz number (L) of the PVA and CuCl2 concentrations with constant temperature was also studied based on the Wiedemann–Franz law. The results showed that the L number increased with CuCl2 concentrations increase at constant temperature

Keywords : electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, PVA/CuCl2, activation energy, Lorenz number

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Research Title :Assessment Level of Environmental Literacy among Applied Science Private University (ASU) Students

Authors : Tala Sasa, Wafa A. Ahmad, Nawal H. Bahtiti, Maha Abujaber, Abeer Adeyleh, and Omniya Miri

Abstract :Environmental literacy EL is a significant aspect that must be implanted in education; to continuously protect environment systems, communities, and future generations. Students should understand skills and motivation to make responsible decisions for a sustainable environment. This research aimed to assess student EL and evaluate the influence of demographic factors on the EL level among students at Applied Science Private University in Jordan. A total of 323 students; 53.6% male, and 46.4% females- took the EL test. The test had three parts: student’s demographic profile, environmental knowledge, and attitude. The findings indicated that students had high environmental knowledge of energy, pollution, and recycling. The results also showed that students had a moderate level of environmental knowledge on issues such as environmental concerns, ecology, water scarcity, global warming, and ozone layer depletion. The lower mean scores were determined for items on time of gardens irrigation and flue gas. It also revealed no differences between Gender, faculty, cumulative average, and income levels affect EL. Multimedia alongside books and school environmental experience served as the key source of environmental information. It concluded that environmental knowledge does not always influence the behavioral intentions, so a national strategy is needed to improve current curricula in higher education institution

Keywords :Environmental Literacy, Environmental Knowledge, Environmental Behaviors and Attitudes, Applied Science Private University (ASU)

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Research Title :How Social- Media Affects Students of the Applied Science Private University

Authors :Alayed, T. Almuhur, E. Sasa, T. Al-Bahtiti, N. Adaileh, A. and Alayed, S. I

Abstract :This paper examines how social media impacts most students who use at least one social media site, yet many are unaware of the potential effects of everyday usage. It is amusing to skim through memes, pictures and life updates from acquaintances they met along the journey, but they fail to notice how social media affects the way they act and think. A total of 425 survey questionnaires were distributed among undergraduates and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used to analyze the study data, which were collected using a quantitative technique. The findings reveal that there is a negative aspect of social media that appeals to students because it provides a fresh setting to make friends and is a terrific way to release stress. It affects students’ academics to a certain level. This research implies that a method for balancing social media and academic learning is necessary

Keywords :Social- Media, Impacted Students, Applied Science Private University

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Research Title :Knowledge and Awareness of Global Warming and Its Effect on the Environment among Applied Science Private University Students

Authors :Sasa, T. Sasa, W. Adaileh A. and Miri, O

Abstract :The purpose of this study was to investigate global warming awareness among Applied science Private University students. A total of 365 students were tested using a questionnaire covering four aspects of global warming including causes, effects, evidence, and solutions. The study included students of science and humanities faculties in all academic years of both sexes, and a significant dependency ratio (p < 0.05) was recorded. The results showed that female students had greater knowledge of the global warming effect than male students, that academically superior students with excellent grades had more knowledge of the four aspects covered by the questionnaire than their lower-level peers, and that students from science colleges were more familiar than humanities students with the causes. and solutions related to global warming. In addition, students who received environmental development courses at the university were more knowledgeable than the rest of the students about the effect, cause, and evidence of global warming, which indicates a direct positive effect of university education

Keywords :Global warming, Sustainability; Education Level; Applied Science Private University (ASU)

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Research Title :Establishing Physics’ Lecturers Pedagogical Technology knowledge

Authors :Abeer Adaileh, Eman Almuhur , Tala Sasa

Abstract :The objectives of this article are to examine aspects of teaching physics technology knowledge, and determine whether the academic performance of students who study physics 101, 102, and physics labs differed significantly after integrating information techniques. Essentially, this research article employed empirical data gathered from the answers of 425 students of Applied Science Private University who take physics 101, 102, and physics laboratories. A questionnaire makes up the data collecting tool. Our research's conclusions provide physics lecturers, decision-makers, and leaders with understanding and direction in determining the requirements of the pupils. According to the results of the present study, pedagogical development and technology development occurred by using lecturers with high levels whose engagement is advantageous to the community. The results also showed that senior instructors and fewer professors had smaller beginning samples when it came to "beliefs regarding the relevance of technology.