Physico-chemical and biological responses for hydroxyapatite/ZnO/graphene oxide nanocomposite for biomedical utilization
Authors : Huda S.AlSalemaAli, A.KeshkbRehab, Y.GhareebcAmira, A.IbrahimcNader, R.AbdelsalamdMohamed, M.Taher, AlbandaryAlmahri, AhmedAbu-Rayyan
Abstract : Bioceramics, graphene oxide, and metal oxide-based biomaterials are intriguing prospects for hard tissue biomedical applications. Combining hydroxyapatite (HAP), graphene oxide (GO), and Zinc oxide (ZnO) to fabricate HAP/ZnO/GO nanocomposite presented a noticeable improvement in bioactivity biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. The crystal lattice changes and structural arrangement of these nanocomposites are examined using XRD, TEM, and SEM. Moreover, the GO nanosheets, HAP, and ZnO bonding are reported in FTIR and XPS spectra. The TEM micrographs showed the nanocomposite structural alteration and revealed the uniformity of HAP and ZnO distribution into GO nanosheets with 10 nm in diameter and length of 25 nm. Furthermore, the SEM scan explained the porosity and integrated structure that showed a size of 0.3–1.4 μm. HAP/ZnO/GO roughness average reached 40.2 nm. The cell viability test for the nanocomposite revealed a high value of 99.5 ± 1.5%. The antibacterial property of HAP/ZnO/GO was confirmed with the reported inhibition zone of 20.4 ± 1 mm and 15.3 ± 1.1 mm against E. coli and S. aureus. Herein, combining HAP and ZnO with GO nanosheets alters morphological features and enhances roughness parameters of the fabricated nanocomposite. Besides structural porosity, cell adhesion and bioactivity improved. The resulting porous reinforced nanocomposite that showed excellent antibacterial activity is a biomaterial of interest in bone replacement utilization.
Keywords : Antibacterial; Graphene oxide; hydroxyapatite; Tissue engineering; ZnO
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(Bromoacetyl)coumarins: unraveling their synthesis, chemistry, and applications
Authors : Moaz M. Abdou*a, Ahmed Abu-Rayyanb, Ahmed G. Bedira, S. Abdel-Fattaha, A. M. A. Omara, Abdullah A. Ahmedc, El-Sayed I. El-Desokyd and Eslam A. Ghaithd
Abstract : This review emphasizes recent developments in synthetic routes of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin derivatives. Also, chemical reactions of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarins as versatile building blocks in the preparation of critical polyfunctionalized heterocyclic systems and other industrially significant scaffolds are described. Recent advances of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarins as attractive starting points towards a wide scale of five and six-membered heterocyclic systems such as thiophenes, imidazoles, pyrazoles, thiazoles, triazoles, pyrans, pyridines, thiadiazins as well as fused heterocyclic systems have been reported. Additionally, this review covers a wide range of analytical chemistry, fluorescent sensors, and biological applications of these moieties, covering the literature till May 2021
Keywords : (Bromoacetyl)coumarins; Synthesis; Chemical reactivity; Heterocycles; Biological applications; Sensors.
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The degradation of methylene blue dye using copper-doped hydroxyapatite encapsulated into polycaprolactone nanofibrous membranes
Authors : H. A. Alrafai,a Zehbah Ali Al-Ahmed,b M. K. Ahmed, cd M. Afifi,ce Kamel R. Shoueirf and Ahmed Abu-Rayyang
Abstract : The development of advanced compositions to remove contamination from water resources has become a global challenge in the last decades. Herein, nanofibrous membranes of polycaprolactone (PCL) incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HAP) that was modified with different amounts of Cu(II) ions have been fabricated. The structures, morphologies, and surface roughnesses of the constructed (Cu–HAP@PCL) membranes were characterized via a wide range of spectroscopic, microscopic, and surface science tools. Probing the surface morphology revealed that these membranes exist as networked fibers with various diameters ranging from 0.45–1.5 to 0.2–0.9 μm, along with maximum height roughnesses (Rt) of 266.2 to 463 nm for compositions having increased amounts of Cu(II) ions, respectively. The mechanical behavior results attested that the elasticity of the membranes was enhanced upon the addition of Cu(II) dopants, and the maximum strain before break reached nearly 125.59 ± 6.5% for the sample containing the highest Cu(II) content. As for biological applications, the fabricated Cu–HAP@PCL membranes showed powerful antibacterial potency, with activity areas of 14.5 ± 1.7 and 14.7 ± 1.6 mm achieved against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Further, the degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye indicated that the highest degradations of 88.6%, 89.4%, 91.0%, 91.1%, and 94.3% were accomplished after 70 min of irradiation under visible light using the fabricated Cu–HAP@PCL membranes. The efficient performance of the fabricated Cu–HAP@PCL membranes in biologically and environmentally related persistent problems encourages their potential utilization in wastewater management and microbial treatments.
Keywords : copper; hydroxyapatite; methylene blue; nanofiber; polycaprolactone
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Survey of Jordanian awareness about hazardous symbols of chemicals
Authors : Tala H. Sasa , Nawal H Bahtiti , Waed R Alahmad , Ahmed Abu-Rayyan
Abstract : The use of chemical substances has commonly increased, there are such a number of chemical dangers all spherical us that it is probably almost now no longer feasible to feature if we centered constantly on the dangers. This is precisely why we need to don't forget the dangers. Everyone need to apprehend exactly what do in case of unstable contact with risky material. Previously we tested consciousness of Jordanian peoples and measured the employees’ interest of risky chemical compounds1. So this new seek aimed to research chemical symbols attentions, a questionnaire survey come to be executed among a whole of 245 peoples. The questionnaire come to be acquainted with flammable risky symbols as 90.6%, however handiest 7% for fitness chance symbol. Statistical assessment of the statistics come to be finished with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The effects show that the descriptive information confirmed that scholars proven truthful to excellent familiarity and expertise of chemical chance caution symbols. Most college students had bad to truthful attitudes closer to chemical laboratory protection; however, the evaluation of college students’ chemical laboratory protection practices found out truthful to suitable practices. While college students’ protection focus and practices, however now no longer attitude, at this college have been acceptable, protection tactics want to be applied inside an extra expert protection training and coherent threat and protection weather management.
Keywords : Chemical hazard; Awareness; Jordanian; Dangerous symbols; Employees; Risk
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Physicomechanical and morphological properties of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals substituted with copper–zirconium
Authors : Asma M.AlturkiaAhmedAbu-RayyanbKhamael M.Abualnajac DalalAlhashmialameercRasha A.El-SaeeddRehan M.El-Shabasye
Abstract : Biocomposites containing hydroxyapatite (HAP)/zirconia (ZrO2) were modified with different contents of copper ions using the co-precipitation technique. The phase identification is performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) while scanning electron micrographs (FESEM) showed surface morphology and exhibited that the grain size has changed from 0.17 to 0.43 μm for the lowest and the highest additional Cu2+ ions. Moreover, the average roughness has increased from 56.4 nm to 163.8 nm, while the maximum height of the roughness (Rt) increased from 503.9 to 878.9 nm for the lowest and the highest Cu2+ additions. Furthermore, the microhardness has been investigated and exhibited a significant improvement of 2.1 ± 0.1 to 4.6 ± 0.3 GPa for 0.0Cu–HAP@ZrO2 and 0.8Cu–HAP@ZrO2, respectively. Moreover, the corrosion rate decreases from 0.078 to 0.070 mm/y for the lowest and the highest modified copper ions. The cell viability has enhanced from 0.2C–HAP@ZrO2 composites achieved 88.04 ± 4%, which is the highest cell proliferation percentage. However, 0.8Cu–HAP@ZrO2 hit the highest values in both bacterial microorganisms, reaching 5.9 ± 0.6, 5.1 ± 0.4 mm. These significant antibacterial performances almost doubled from 0.2 to 0.8 of copper contribution is based on surface modification and amount of released reactive species that make it a promising bio applicable material.
Keywords : Cell viability; Hydroxyapatite; Silver; Tissue engineering; Zirconia
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Immunomodulatory effect of Moringa peregrina leaves, ex vivo and in vivo study
Authors : Ibrahim Salameh Al-Majali, Sawsan Atallah Al-Oran, Mona Rushdie Hassuneh, Haitham Naief Al-Qaralleh, Walid Abu Rayyan, Osama Yosef Al-Thunibat, Eyad Mallah, Ahmed Abu-Rayyan, Shadi Salem
Abstract : This study was conducted to assess the in vivo and ex vivo immunomodulatory effect of the ethanol leaves extract of Moringa peregrina in Balb/c mice. For this study, five groups of 5 Balb/c mice were given a single acute subtoxic oral dose of the ethanolic extract at 1.13, 11.30, 23.40 and 113.4 mg/kg and the immunomodulatory effect was assessed on the 6th day following the ingestion. In the (non-functional) assessment, the effect of the extract on the body weight, relative lymphoid organ weight, splenic cellularity and peripheral blood hematologic parameters were evaluated. While in the immunomodulation assessment (functional), we investigated the effect of the extract on the proliferative capacity of splenic lymphocytes and peripheral T and B lymphocytes using mitogen blastogenesis, mixed allogeneic MLR and IgM-Plaque forming cells assays. The ingestion of M. peregrina extract caused a significant increase in the body weight, weight and number of cells of spleen and lymph nodes of the treated mice. Furthermore, the count of RBCs, WBCs, platelets, hemoglobin concentration and PCV % were increased by the extract treatment in a dose-dependent manner. M. peregrina enhanced the proliferative responses of splenic lymphocytes for both T cell and B-cell mitogens. Likewise, the mixed lymphocyte reaction MLR assay has revealed a T-cell dependent proliferation enhancement in the extract treated mice. Moreover, the oral administration of M. peregrina leaves extracts significantly increased PFCs/106 splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, subtoxic acute doses of M. peregrina extract demonstrated significant potential as an immunomodulatory agent even at the lowest dose of 1.13 mg/kg.
Keywords : Body weight; Immunomodulation; Moringa peregrina; Mouse spleen; T and B lymphocytes
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Synthesis, structure and reactions of 1,3-dimethyl-5-bis(thiomethyl) methylenebarbituric acid
Authors : Sweidan, K., Abu-Rayyan, A., Al-Sheikh, A., ...Steimann, M., Kuhn, N.
Abstract : 1,3-Dimethyl-5-bis(thiomethyl)methylenebarbituric acid (8) is obtained from 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and CS2/NEt3 followed by alkylation with methyl iodide. Compound 8 reacts with aqueous ammonia to give 5-amino(thiomethyl)methylene-1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (9). With benzylamine, the thiomethyl substituent in 9 is replaced to give 5-amino(benzylamino) methylene-1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (10) while with methanesulfonic acid the sulfonate salt 11 is formed. The crystal structures of 8 and 9 are reported
Keywords : Alkene; Barbituric acid; Crystal structure; Heterocycles
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Removal of inorganic ferric ion from water by using coal of date Palm Seeds (CDPS)
Authors : Ahmed Abu-rayyan Mohammed S. Almogbel - Mohammed A. Al-Anber
Abstract : The inorganic ferric ion has been successfully removed from water by adsorption Coal of Date Palm Seeds (CDPS).The adsorption experiments are carried out by a batch technique. The influences of adsorption conditions, such as initial concentration of ferric ion (30,50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1) the dosage of CDPS (2, 6, 10., 20, 30, 40 and 100 g L-1) temperature (25, 35 and 45 ºC) and contact time temperature increases; meanwhile, it decreases with increasing the initial concentration of ferric in water The maximum percentage removal achieved is 92 %. Depending on the adsorption thermodynamic model, the adsorption mechanism of aqueous ferric ion onto CDPS follows Freundlich isotherm model(R2= 0.986) The capacity (Kf) and intensity (n) of Freundlich adsorption are 2.119 and 0.377,respectively. The results reveal that the adsorption mechanism of ferric ion on CDPS solid particles is chemisorptions, heterogeneous multilayer, unfavorable (Rl =1.609) and spontaneous in nature (ΔG = 19.927 kJ mol -1 ). Adsorption of ferric ion onto CDPS solid particles has achieved Lagergren pseudo second order model (R2= 0.999) The kinetic parameters, rate constant, and sorption capacities have been calculated. The new information in this study suggests that CDPS could be used as a novel filtering materials for removing ferric ions from water.
Keywords : Adsorption; Coal; Date Palm Seeds; Ferric ion; Freundlich; Pseudo-second order
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Synthesis, Structure and Reactions of 1, 3-Dimethyl-5-bis (thiomethyl) methylenebarbituric Acid
Authors : Kamal Sweidan, Ahmed Abu-Rayyan, Ahmad Al-Sheikh, Cäcilia Maichle-Mößmer, Manfred Steimann, Norbert Kuhn
Abstract : 1,3-Dimethyl-5-bis(thiomethyl)methylenebarbituric acid (8) is obtained from 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and CS2/NEt3 followed by alkylation with methyl iodide. Compound 8 reacts with aqueous ammonia to give 5-amino(thiomethyl)methylene-1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (9). With benzylamine, the thiomethyl substituent in 9 is replaced to give 5-amino(benzylamino)methylene-1,3- dimethylbarbituric acid (10) while with methanesulfonic acid the sulfonate salt 11 is formed. The crystal structures of 8 and 9 are reported.
Keywords : Barbituric Acid, Alkene, Crystal Structure
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On the hydrolysis of 2,3-dihydro-1,3-di-tert-butyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2- ylidene. The crystal structure of 1,3-di-tert-butyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium bicarbonate | Zur hydrolyse von 2,3-dihydro-1,3-di-tert-butyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2- yliden. Die kristallstruktur von 1,3-di-tert-butyl-4,5- dimethylimidazoliumhydrogencarbonat
Authors : Ahmed Abu‐Rayyan, Qutaiba Abu‐Salem, Norbert Kuhn, Cäcilia Maichle‐Mößmer, Manfred Steimann, Gerald Henkel
Abstract : 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium bicarbonate (7), formed on the exposure of 2,3-dihydro-1,3-di-tert-butyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (6) towards air, is prepared on the reaction of 6 with ammonium bicarbonate; its crystal structure analysis reveals the presence of dimeric bicarbonate anions linked to each other and to the imidazolium ions with hydrogen bonds.
Keywords :
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The Acetylacetonate ion as its E/Z-isomer in 1, 3-diisopropyl-4, 5-dimethylimidazolium acetylacetonate
Authors : Ahmed Abu-Rayyan, Qutaiba Abu-Salem, Eyad Mallah, Cäcilia Maichle-Mößmer, Manfred Steimann, Norbert Kuhn, Klaus-Peter Zeller
Abstract : 1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium acetylacetonate (2) is obtained from 2,3-dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol- 2-ylidene (1) and acetylacetone. Its crystal structure reveals the presence of ion pairs linked by C-H ··· O hydrogen bonds. In 2, the acetylacetonate ion adopts the structure of its E/Z-isomer (C).
Keywords : Heterocycles, Hydrogen Bonds, β -Diketonates, Crystal Structure
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C-H-O Hydrogen Bonds in Imidazolium Carboxylatesbr/>
Authors : A. Abu-Rayyan, N. Kuhn, , Q. Abusalem, C. Maichle-Mößmer, E. Mallah andM. Steimann
Abstract : 2,3-Dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-yl-idene (1) reacts with benzoic acid to give the corresponding 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium benzoate salt 2. Similarly, 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium formiate (3) is obtained from 1 and ammonium formiate. In crystals of 2, the anions are linked to the imidazolium ions by monofunctional O⋯H-C bonds while in 3 bifurcated O⋯H-C bonds are observed. In 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5- dimethylimidazolium hydrogenoxalate (4), obtained from 1 and oxalic acid, hydrogen bonds connect both imidazolium ions to the hydrogenoxalate ions in a bifurcated mode as well as the anions to each other
Keywords : Hydrogen Bonds, Crystal Structure,Imidazoles, Heterocycles
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5-Hydrazino-1,3-dimethyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole
Authors : Abu-Safieh, K.A., Khanfer, M., Al-Far, R., ...Maichle-Moessmer, C., Abu-Rayyan, A.
Abstract : Three distinct N - H⋯O,N inter-actions connect mol-ecules of the title compound, C5H9N5O2, into a supra-molecular assembly. The mol-ecules are stacked in columns along the b axis. In this arrangement, the mol-ecules are linked to each other by four two-center hydrogen bonds in an R 4 2(12) ring motif. The N - H⋯O,N inter-actions have D⋯A distances ranging from 3.044 (2) to 3.182 (3) Å and D - H⋯A angles ranging from 138 (2) to 164 (2)° (where D and A are donor and acceptor, respectively).
Keywords :
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Synthesis and Solid-State Structure of 5-Methyl-2-(4-nitroimidazol-1-yl) thiazole
Authors : Baker JAWABRAH AL-HOURANI, Klaus BANERT, Cäcilia MAICHLE-MÖSSMER, Adnan AL-LABADI, Ahmed ABU-RAYYAN
Abstract : The title compound, C 7H 6 N 4O 2 S, crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Cc, with cell constants a =3.9122(9)Å, b = 19.949(10)Å, c = 11.323(3)Å,β = 99.47(3) ̊, and Z = 4. The regioselective formation of this compoundmight be the result of steric and electronic considerations
Keywords :
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Reaction of tellurium tetraiodide with 2,3-dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene
Authors : Norbert Kuhn, Ahmed Abu-Rayyan, Carla Piludu, Manfred Steimann
Abstract : 2,3-Dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene 1 (Carb, R1 = iPr, R2 = Me) reacts with TeI4 to give the carbene adduct CarbTeI2 (3). The crystal structure of 3 consists of T-shaped monomeric fragments linked by weak Te. I interactions to form infinite helical chains.
Keywords : Chemical analysis; Chemical bonds; Crystal structure; Monomes
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The crystal structures of (DDI)2[Sb2F6O] and (DDI)2[Sb3F7O2] (DDI = 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium) - A contribution to the hydrolysis of SbF3 [1]
Authors : Norbert Kuhn, Ahmed Abu‐Rayyan, Heinz‐Jürgen Kolb, Markus Ströbele
Abstract : The salts (DDI)2[Sb2F6O] (2) and (DDI)2[Sb3F7O2] (3), (DDI = 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazolium) are obtained by hydrolysis of C11H20N2SbF3 (1). The anion [Sb2F6O]2− consists of two SbF2 fragments linked by a symmetrical oxygen bridge and two unsymmetrical fluorine bridges to form a distored ψ‐octahedral coordination sphere at the antimony atoms. In [Sb3F7O2]2−, two SbF2 units are linked by a symmetrical fluorine bridge, while the third antimony atom is connected with each SbF2 fragment by a symmetrical oxygen and an unsymmetrical fluorine bridge. The antimony atoms adopt the centres of strongly distored ψ‐polyhedra
Keywords : Antimony; Bridging ligands; Crystal structure; Fluorine
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The structural chemistry of 2-methylenimidazolines [1]
Authors : Kuhn, N., Abu-Rayyan, A., Al-Sheikh, A., Steimann, M., Sweidan, K.
Abstract : The 2-methylenimidazolines ImC(CN)2 (6a-c, Im = 1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) are prepared by the reaction of the imidazolium salts [ImBr]Br (5) and malodinitrile while ImC{C(O)Ph}2 (7) is obtained from ImCH2 (2) and benzoic fluoride. Both the structural data of 6b, 6c, and 7 and the 13C NMR data demonstrate the influence of steric and electronic effects on the charge separation and the nonplanar arrangement of the substituents attached at the carbon atoms of the central olefinic bond.
Keywords : Crystal Structure; Heterocycles; Imidazoles; Zwitterionic States
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[{ImCH 2Br}Br] 6 - An unexpexted cage structure [1]
Authors : Kuhn, N., Abu-Rayyan, A., Steimann, M., Ströbele, M.
Abstract : The imidazolium derivatives ImCH 2X 2 [Im = C 7H 12N 2; X = Br (5), Cl (8)] are obtained from the ylidic olefin ImCH 2 (3) and bromine or hexachloroethane. The crystal structure of 5 reveals the presence of a hexameric cation consisting of a trigonal antiprismatic Br 6 core and isolated bromine anions. In the pairs of cages formed by the Br 3 triangles and the three neighboured imidazolium rings one solvent molecule S (6: S = CHCl 3; 7: S = CH 3CN) may be incorporated without significant change of the atomic coordinates. In contrast to 5, 8 consists of separated ions in the solid state. The crystal structures of 5-8 are discussed.
Keywords : Bromine; Chlorine; Crystal structure; Heterocycles; Intercalation
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Weak interionic interactions in 2-bromoimidazolium derivatives
Authors : Kuhn, N., Abu-Rayyan, A., Eichele, K., Schwarz, S., Steimann, M.
Abstract : The 2-bromoimidazolium bromide [ImBr]Br (5, Im=2,3-dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl- 4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) is prepared from Im (4) and bromine. From 4 and CBr4, the adduct [ImBr]Br·CBr4 (6) is obtained. 5 reacts with TeBr4 to give the salt [ImBr][TeBr5] (7). The crystal structures of 5-7 reveal the presence of weak interionic Br to Br interactions which are discussed on comparison with the structure of [ImI]I (8) and similar compounds.
Keywords : Bromine; Crystal structures; Heterocycles; Imidazoles; Weak interactions
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